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Complete English

By KeeganSGWoolford / April 26, 2021
10 Points

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FAQ's

All rights reserved by The Cub Club Pty LTD.

  • Bug – A mistake or error in a program that causes it to not work properly.
  • Debug – To find and fix bugs or errors in a code or a set of instructions.
  • Algorithm – A clear list of steps or instructions to solve a problem.
  • Sequence – The specific order in which instructions are carried out in a program.
  • Loop – A set of instructions that repeats over and over until a condition is met.
  • Algorithm-A clear list of steps to solve a problem
  • Bug-A mistake in a program or set of instructions
  • Debugging-Finding and fixing a bug
  • Conditional-A rule that says what to do in a certain situation
  • Flowchart-A diagram showing the order of steps and decisions
  • Pattern-Something that repeats in a clear way
  • Flowchart – A diagram that shows the steps and choices in solving a problem or completing a task.
  • Step – An action the robot takes, like “move forward” or “pick up object”; shown in a rectangle.
  • Decision – A yes-or-no question the robot must answer to choose what to do next; shown in a diamond.
  • Arrow – A line that shows the direction or order of steps and decisions in the flowchart.
  • Algorithm – A list of rules or instructions a robot (or computer) follows to solve a problem.
  1. Conditional
    ➤ A rule that tells the computer what to do if something happens.
    Example: If it’s raining, then take an umbrella.
  1. Algorithm
    ➤ A step-by-step list of instructions to solve a problem.
    Example: A recipe is like an algorithm for cooking.
  2. Debug
    ➤ To find and fix mistakes (bugs) in your instructions or code.
  3. Command
    ➤ An instruction that tells the computer or robot to do something.
    Example: “Turn left” is a command.
  4. Execute
    ➤ When the computer follows and performs the instructions given.
  • Online – using the internet or being connected to it.
    Example: She plays games online with her friends.
  • Stranger – someone you don’t know.
    Example: Never talk to strangers online or in real life.
  • Password – a secret word or phrase used to log into a website or device.
    Example: Use a strong password so no one can guess it.
  • Pop-up – a small window that suddenly appears on your screen, usually an ad.
    Example: Close any strange pop-ups right away.
  • Scam – a trick to steal your information or money.
    Example: That message was a scam asking for money.
  • Safe – protected from harm or danger.
    Example: It’s important to stay safe online.
  • Kind – being nice and helpful to others.
    Example: Always write kind comments online.
  • Click – pressing a button on your mouse or screen.
    Example: Don’t click on anything that looks suspicious.
  • Information – facts or details about something.
    Example: Don’t share your personal information online.
  • Smart – making good choices or being clever.
    Example: Be smart when using the internet.

Never share your personal information—like your full name, address, phone number, or school—on the internet, especially with people you don’t know.

  • Reliable sources: Websites or people you can trust to give fair and true information (like BBC Kids, National Geographic, or government sites).
  • Fake news: Made-up or twisted stories that are not true.
  • Bias: When someone shows only one side of a story to make you agree with them.
  • Clickbait: A catchy headline or image meant to make you click, but the actual story is often fake or exaggerated.

Netiquette-The polite and respectful way to behave online.

Digital Footprint-The trail of everything you do online — posts, likes, messages.

Cyberbullying-Being mean to someone online, like in messages or comments.

Keyword-Search word to help find online info

Phishing-A trick message that tries to steal your info

Clickbait-A fake-looking headline to get clicks

Netiquette-Good manners online

Digital footprint-The trail of actions you leave online

Cyberbullying-Hurting others using messages, posts or images

Ethics-Knowing and doing what is right or fair

  • Collision – When two objects (sprites) touch or overlap in a game. Detecting collisions helps the game know when something important happens, like the bird hitting a pipe.
  • Touching Bloc – A Scratch code block that checks if one sprite is touching another sprite or a color. It’s used to detect collisions.
  • Game Over – The state when the game ends, usually triggered by a collision or failing a goal, signaling that the player needs to restart or stop playing.
  • Clone – A copy of a sprite that can act independently in the game. Clones help create multiple objects without making new sprites.
  • Coordinate – A pair of numbers (x, y) that show a sprite’s position on the screen. The x-coordinate moves left or right; the y-coordinate moves up or down.
  • Loop – A set of instructions that repeat over and over until a condition is met. Loops keep the pipes moving smoothly across the screen.
  • Gravity — A force that pulls objects downward. In the game, it makes the bird fall if you don’t flap.
  • Event — Something that happens that the program can respond to, like pressing the spacebar.
  • Loop — A set of instructions that repeats over and over, like making the bird fall continuously.
  • Sprite — A character or object in Scratch that you can program to move and interact.
  • Code Block — A puzzle-piece shaped command in Scratch that tells a sprite what to do.
  • Event — A trigger that starts a sequence of actions in Scratch, like pressing a key or clicking the green flag.

Password

🔐 A secret word or code that lets you open an account or device.
Example: You need a password to log in to your email.

 

 Private Information

🙊 Personal details about you that should not be shared online, like your real name, address, or phone number.
Example: Never post your private information on a game chat.

 

Link

🔗 A word or button you can click on that takes you to another website or page.
Example: Only click links from people or websites you trust.

  • Bug – A problem in the instructions
  • Debug – To fix a mistake in your code
  • Test – To try your instructions and check if they work

Footprint
👣 A mark you leave behind when you walk — or post online.
Digital footprint means the trail of messages, comments, or photos you leave on the internet.
Example: My kind comment on the school blog is part of my digital footprint.

 

Sarcasm
😏 When someone says something they don’t really mean, often to tease or mock.
It can confuse or hurt people, especially online where tone can’t be heard.
Example: She said, “Nice job!” sarcastically when I made a mistake.

 

Reputation
🌟 What people think or say about you based on your actions and words.
Online actions can affect your reputation in real life.
Example: If you’re kind online, you build a good reputation.

  • If-Then – A decision-making structure
  • Condition – Something that must be checked before doing the next step
  • Branching – Choosing between multiple paths based on logic
  • Loop – A set of instructions that repeats
  • Pattern – A recognisable sequence
  • Efficiency – Doing something the smart way
  • Programmer – The one who writes the instructions
  • Robot – The one who follows the instructions
  • Debug – Finding and fixing errors in the instructions
  • Algorithm – A clear step-by-step instruction
  • Symbol – A picture or sign representing an action
  • Sequence – The correct order of steps
  • Self-Assessment – Judging your own work honestly
  • Showcase – A chance to present your best effort
  • Growth – How you improve through practice and reflection

.Subject line
📝 The short title of your email that tells the reader what it’s about.
Example: Subject: Request for extra maths worksheet

 

Attachment
📎 A file (like a photo or document) that you send along with an email.
Example: I sent my project as an attachment.

 

Polite
🙂 Speaking or writing in a kind and respectful way.
Example: It’s polite to say “please” and “thank you” in your email.

  • Constructive Feedback – Suggestions that help you improve without hurting feelings
  • Refine – To improve something by making small, careful changes
  • Audience Impact – How your design affects or influences the viewer
  • Digital Design Tool – Software that helps you make posters, presentations, and graphics
  • Export – To save a design as a downloadable file (PDF, PNG)
  • Balance – Making sure the page looks neat and well-spaced
  • Sprite

🧍 A sprite is a character or object in your Scratch project.
It can move, talk, change costumes, and respond to clicks or key presses.

  • Block

🧩 A block is a puzzle piece of code.
You snap blocks together to tell your sprite what to do (like move, speak, or play a sound).

  • Broadcast

📣 Broadcast means sending a message in your code.
One sprite can “broadcast” a signal so that other sprites know when to start something.

  • Sprite – A character or object in your Scratch story
  • Backdrop – The visual background or scene
  • Sequence – The order in which events happen
  • Say Block – Makes a sprite speak in a speech bubble
  • Costume – A version of a sprite that shows different moods or actions
  • Event – A trigger like clicking or pressing a key that starts something
  • If–Then – A decision rule: “If this happens, then do this”
  • Broadcast – A message sent to other sprites
  • Branching – A choice that changes what happens next
  • Slogan – A short phrase that sticks in your mind
  • Impact Design – A design made to change behaviour or raise awareness
  • Campaign – A planned effort to get people to act or think differently
  • Layout – How things are arranged on the page or screen
  • Audience – The people who will look at or use your design
  • Purpose – The reason for your message
  • Command–An instruction you give to a computer to do something.
  • Program– A set of commands written in order to make a computer do a task.
  • Debug–To find and fix mistakes (bugs) in your commands or program.
  • Command – A clear instruction given to a computer
  • Sequence – The order in which commands are followed
  • Program – A full set of instructions that a computer runs
  • If–Then – A rule that checks if something is true before doing an action
  • Condition – The “if” part of the rule
  • Branching – When your program chooses between different paths
  • Bug – A mistake or problem in your instructions
  • Debug – To find and fix a bug
  • Test – To try your program and see what happens
  • Extension-A file’s “surname” – tells you its type (.jpg, etc)
  • Folder Tree- A system of main folders and subfolders
  • Storage-Where your files are kept (local/cloud/USB)
  • Backup- A second saved copy, just in case
  • Digital Hygiene- Clean, organised habits for managing files
  • Local Storage – Saving files directly on your computer’s hard drive or SSD.
  • Cloud Storage – Saving files on internet servers so you can access and share them online.
  • Backup – Making a copy of files to protect them in case the original is lost or damaged.
  • Folder – A digital container used to organize and store files on a computer.
  • File Extension — The letters after a file name (like .docx or .jpg) that show the file type and tell the computer how to open it.
  • Version — A specific saved copy of a file that shows its progress or changes over time (e.g., Draft, Final).
  1. File Extension: 📄 The short code after a file name (like .jpg or .docx) that tells the computer what type of file it is and which program to use to open it.
  2. Storage: 💾 Where data or files are saved, like on a hard drive, USB stick, or the cloud.
  3. Input: 🎮 The way information gets into a computer (like using a keyboard or mouse).
  4. Output: 🖥️ What the computer sends out to you (like showing text on a screen or playing a sound through speakers).
  5. CPU (Central Processing Unit: 🧠 The brain of the computer – it does all the thinking and processing.
  • Proofread – To check your work for mistakes
  • Responsible Sharing – Sending things safely and respectfully
  • Digital Reputation – How you’re seen online based on what you share
  • File Name – The name you give your document
  • Folder – A digital container that holds files
  • File Type – What kind of document it is (.docx, .pdf etc)
  • Layout – The way content is arranged on the page
  • Heading – A bold title at the top of a section
  • Alignment – How text lines up on the page (left, centre, right)
  • Word Processor – A digital tool for typing and editing text
  • Formatting – Changing how your text looks
  • Cursor – The blinking line that shows where you’re typing
  • Project page – Where your Scratch project lives
  • Instructions – A guide for users
  • Remix – Change someone else’s idea in your own way
  • Design – The way something looks and feels
  • User – The person who uses your program
  • Experience – What the user sees, hears, feels
  • Broadcast – A message to trigger other sprites
  • Hide/Show – Makes sprites disappear or appear
  • Glide – Moves a sprite smoothly
  • Sound block – Makes noise or plays music
  • Looks block – Changes appearance
  • Event block – Starts an action
  • Interactive – Responds to you!
  • Broadcast – Sends a message in Scratch
  • Sprite – A character or object you can code

Did you know?

The straight-line distance is also called distance as the crow flies.

  • Pattern – A sequence that repeats
  • Condition – A rule that tells the loop when to stop
  • Iteration – One full run of the loop
  • Bug – A mistake in your instructions
  • Debug – To find and fix a bug
  • Test – Try your code and check if it works
  • Loop – A command that repeats
  • Repeat – To do something again
  • Efficient – Getting the job done with less effort
  • Sequence – The exact order of steps
  • Programmer – Someone who writes instructions
  • Robot – A machine (or person!) that follows commands
  • Symbol – A picture or character that stands for a command or idea
  • Instruction – A direction that tells a computer (or person) what to do
  • Decode – To figure out the meaning behind a symbol

Digital Identity – Who you seem to be based on your online activity
Reflect – Think deeply about your behaviour
Intentional – Doing something on purpose, with care

Block – Stop someone from contacting you
Report – Tell an app or website that something’s wrong
Trusted Adult – A grown-up who will help you and keep you safe

Cyber Respect – Kindness and care when using the internet
Reputation – What people think of you based on your actions
Tone – The feeling behind your words

Private Information – Details about your life that should stay secret
Public Information – Things okay for everyone to see
Oversharing – Giving out too much information

Digital Footprint – A record of everything you do online
Permanent – Lasting and hard to remove
Online Identity – The version of you people see through the internet

Did you know?

In South Africa, gold miners use Gumboots Dance to communicate.

You can see it danced here. Can you learn the dance routine?

https://cubclub.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/GUMBOOT-DANCE-@i.am_.showman.mp4

Scene – A short part of a story, like in a play or video, created with actions and speech
Script – The plan or code you write to tell your sprite what to do

Loop – A piece of code that runs the same steps again and again
Repeat – A Scratch block that makes your sprite do something more than once

Costume – A different look or outfit for a sprite. It can show movement, mood, or action.
Sound Block – A command that tells the sprite to play a sound (like a pop, clap, or voice).

Sequence – A set of steps that happen in order, one after the other.
Wait – A block that tells your sprite to pause before doing the next step.

Sprite – A character or object you can control in Scratch. It follows your code.
Block – A coding piece that tells your sprite what to do, like move or speak.

Pattern – Something that repeats in a predictable way.
Loop – A coding shortcut that repeats a pattern of steps without writing them over and over.

Symbol – A picture or shape that shows a meaning (like an arrow = move)
Grid – A pattern of squares where you can move up, down, left or right

Sequence – A set of steps that must be done in the right order.
Symbol – A picture or shape that stands for something (like arrows for directions).

Algorithm – A list of instructions that helps you or a computer complete a task.

Instruction – A direction or step that tells someone what to do.

Pledge – A promise you make to yourself or others.
Author – A person who creates a story. You are the author of your digital footprint!

Permanent – Something that stays for a long time or can’t be undone easily.
Screenshot – A picture taken of what’s on a screen. Even deleted things can be saved this way.

Private – Something personal or sensitive that should only be shared with people you trust.
Footprint – A mark you leave behind. A digital footprint is the trail you leave online.

Digital Footprint – A record of everything you do on the internet. It’s like online footprints that follow you around.
Private – Something only meant for you or someone you choose to share it with. Not public.

  • Sprite- A character or object that performs actions (e.g., a ball or paddle)
  • Backdrop- The background of the game or animation
  • Event- Something that starts an action (e.g., clicking the green flag)
  • Motion block- Blocks that move a sprite (like “move 10 steps”)
  • Broadcast
    A message sent between sprites or scripts to trigger an event.
  • Lives
    A variable that shows how many chances the player has left before the game ends.
  • Sound Effect
    Audio added to the game to make actions more exciting or realistic.
  • Game Over
    A signal that tells the game to stop because the player has lost.
  • Restart
    Resetting the game to its starting position and state when the green flag is clicked.
  1. Collision Detection
    Checking if two sprites (like the ball and paddle) touch.
  2. Bounce
    Changing the direction of the ball after it hits something.
  3. Variable
    A storage container for data, like score or lives.
  4. Score
    A number that increases based on how well the player is doing.
  5. Game Over
    A condition when the player loses or the game stops.
  • Coordinate
    A number that shows a sprite’s position on the x-axis (left/right) or y-axis (up/down) on the stage.
  • User Input
    Actions from the player (like pressing arrow keys or clicking the mouse) that control the game.
  • Conditional
    A type of code block (like “if” or “if else”) that makes the program decide what to do based on something happening.
  • Sprite
    A character or object in Scratch that performs actions (e.g., the paddle or ball).
  • Forever Loop
    A control block that makes the code inside it repeat endlessly while the game is running.
  • Binary – A number system that uses only two digits: 0 and 1.
    Example: Computers use binary to store and process information.
  • Bit – Short for binary digit; the smallest unit of data in computing. It can be a 0 or a 1.
    Example: The number 101 has 3 bits.
  • Byte – A group of 8 bits.
    Example: One letter (like “A”) is stored as 1 byte in binary.
  • Digital – Information that is stored or transmitted using binary (0s and 1s).
    Example: Digital devices like computers and smartphones use binary code.
  • Code – A system of rules used to convert information into another form, like binary.
    Example: Text and images are turned into binary code so a computer can understand them.
  1. Bug – A mistake or error in a set of instructions (code) that causes a program not to work correctly.
  2. Debugging – The process of finding and fixing bugs in a program or algorithm.
  3. Algorithm – A set of clear, step-by-step instructions to solve a problem or complete a task.
  4. Sequence – The correct order in which steps or instructions are written and followed.
  5. Instruction – A single command or step in an algorithm.
  • Algorithm – Clear list of steps to solve a problem
  • Precision – Being exact and specific
  • Instruction – A command telling someone what to do
  • Debug – Find and fix errors

Sprite-A character you control in Scratch

Sequence-The order blocks are placed in

Event-Something that starts the code (like a click)

Loop-A block that repeats an action

Debug-Finding and fixing a coding mistake

  • Variable – A name that stores information, like a number or a word, that can change.
  • Value – The actual information stored in a variable (like 10, “apple”, or True).
  • Assign – To give a value to a variable.
    Example: score = 5 assigns the value 5 to the variable called score.
  • Update – To change the value of a variable.
    Example: score = score + 1 increases the score.
  • Data – Information stored in a variable (like numbers, words, or true/false).
  • String – A type of data that’s made of letters or words.
    Example: “hello”
  • If – A word that starts a condition. It asks a question like: “Is this true?”
  • Then – What the computer should do if the condition is true.
  • Else – What the computer should do if the condition is not true (false).
  • Condition – A rule or question that must be checked (like “Is the score > 10?”).
  • True – When the condition is correct (it happens or is real).
  • False – When the condition is not correct (it doesn’t happen).
  • Decision – A choice the computer makes based on the condition.
  • Command – An instruction the computer follows when the condition is true or false.
  • Boolean – A special kind of value that is only true or false.
  • Control Structure – A part of code that controls what happens, like if–then–else.
  • Loop – A set of instructions that repeats again and again.
  • Repeat – To do something mo re than once.
  • Repeat Loop – A loop that repeats a certain number of times (e.g., “repeat 5 times”).
  • Forever Loop – A loop that never stops unless you tell it to.
  • While Loop – A loop that keeps going as long as something is true (e.g., “while the game is not over”).
  • Condition – A rule that tells the loop when to keep going or when to stop.
  • Cell – A single box (e.g. B3)
  • Row – A horizontal line of cells
  • Column – A vertical stack of cells
  • Spreadsheet – A digital grid to organise data
  • Text – Words or labels in a cell
  • Number – Numeric values used in calculations
  • Format – To style or organise data clearly
  • Heading – The title of a row or column
  • Bar chart – Bars show data size or amount
  • Pie chart – A circle divided into parts
  • Line graph – A line that shows data over time
  • Data – Facts or values collected and used

  • Internet – A network that connects computers all over the world.
  • Website – A place you can visit on the internet, like a page for games, videos, or information.
  • Username – The name you choose to log into a website or game.
  • Password – A secret code that only you know, used to keep your account safe.
  • Private Information – Details about you that you should not share online (like your full name, address, phone number, or school).
  • Stranger – Someone you don’t know in real life. Online strangers can pretend to be anyone.
  • Cyberbullying – Being mean to someone online by sending hurtful messages or posting bad things.
  • Identity Theft – When someone pretends to be you online by using your name, photo, or account.
  • Hacker – A person who breaks into computers or accounts without permission.
  • Phishing – A trick to get your personal information by pretending to be a safe website or person.
  • HTTP – Stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol – how websites send and receive information.
  • HTTPS – A secure version of HTTP that helps protect your data online. Look for the “s” and the lock icon in the address bar.
  • Secure – Safe and protected.
  • Link – A piece of text or a button you click to go to a new page or website.
  • Digital Footprint – The trail you leave behind when you use the internet (websites you visit, things you post, etc.).
  • Backdrop – The background of the stage
  • Say block – Makes a sprite “speak” in a cartoon bubble
  • Glide – Moves the sprite smoothly
  • Costume – Different visual versions of a sprite
  • Sprite – A character or object that you control
  • Stage – The background where your story plays out
  • Script – A set of blocks snapped together to create an action
  • Event – A trigger that starts the action (like a green flag or spacebar)
  • Condition – A rule that decides what should happen
  • If… then – A type of decision in coding
  • Loop – A repeat instruction
  • Debug – To find and fix a mistake in an algorithm
  • Algorithm – A step-by-step instruction set
  • Sequence – Doing steps in the correct order
  • Task – Something you’re trying to achieve

Rename – Give a file a better, clearer name
Save As – Save a new version with a different name
Search – A tool to help find files on a device

Scratch — A drag and drop programming language made by the Lifelong Kindergarten Group at MIT

Scratch Cat — Scratch’s mascot and default sprite.

Sprite — An object in Scratch which performs functions controlled by scripts

Blocks: Programming commands that you snap together to create a program in Scratch.

Algorithm: detailed step-by-step instruction set or formula for solving a problem or completing a task.

Sequence- A particular order in which things follow each other.
Coding- Computer language.

Sequencing is the specific order in which instructions are performed in an algorithm.

An important skill that programmers need is to be able to communicate with others, especially when they are working out what the program should do. They also need to be persistent when finding and fixing bugs. Bugs happen all the time in programming, so being able to identify where the bug occurs and problem solving how to fix it is incredibly important.

Safety: Actions to prevent damage or harm.
Care: Gentle and responsible use.
Shut down: Properly turning off a computer.

Hardware: The physical parts of a computer.
Software: Instructions or code that run on a computer.
CPU: The brain of the computer.

Did you know?

A Quick Look at Early Computers

The first computers weren’t very fancy. One of the earliest examples was the abacus, invented in Babylon around 500 B.C. It was made of string and beads, and its main purpose was to count and keep track of money or goods.
Later, in the 1600s, two inventors created early calculators that used gears and wheels to perform simple mathematical tasks — an important step toward the computers we use today.

Processing: The computer’s thinking.
Storage: The computer’s memory.
Communication: Sending and receiving data between computers.

Let’s build a tiny game where:

  • One sprite moves using the arrow keys
  • Another sprite spins or plays music when clicked
  • You create your own goal (like catching something or changing colour)

🧠 Summary

  • You used blocks to move and animate sprites
  • You created your own animation or game
  • You practised sequencing, events, and debugging

Did you know

In Scratch, a “backdrop” refers to the background image displayed on the stage, essentially the scene or setting where your sprites (characters) interact; it’s like the scenery behind the actors in a play, and you can change it to set the mood or context of your project.

Did you know

The first version of Scratch was released in 2003? That means it’s over 20 years old!

Motion – Blocks that move your sprite
Looks – Blocks that change colours or size
Sound – Blocks that play music or effects
Extension – Extra features like music, pen, or video

Sprite – A character or object that follows your code
Stage – Where your project appears and plays
Block – A puzzle piece instruction
Script – A group of blocks joined together
Backdrop – The background on the Stage

Algorithm – A set of step-by-step instructions.
Sequence – The order in which instructions are followed.

ASCII – A code that turns letters into binary
Bit – One 0 or 1 in binary
Byte – A group of 8 bits (like in our bracelet)

Bot – A robot that follows instructions
Run – To follow the instructions in a program
Debug – To fix your program if something goes wrong

Communication: Sharing information between computers.
Network: Two or more computers linked together.
Wi-Fi: Wireless connection used to communicate.

CPU: The part of the computer that processes and thinks.
RAM: Short-term memory used while the computer is working.
Storage: Where files and information are saved.

Output Device: A tool that gives information back from the computer.
Monitor: A screen that displays information.
Printer: A machine that produces paper copies of work from the computer.

Input Device: Any tool that gives information to a computer.
Scanner: A device that copies paper documents into the computer.
Touchscreen: A screen you can control by touching it directly.

CPU: The main chip that makes decisions.
Input: Giving information to the computer.
Output: Getting results from the computer.
Storage: Saving files and data.
Communication: Sharing data between computers.

Device: A tool or machine made for a particular purpose.
Input: Information put into the computer.
Output: The result given by the computer.
Storage: A place where information is saved.
Software: Instructions that tell a computer what to do.

Input Device: Sends information to the computer.
Output Device: Receives information from the computer.
Cursor: The pointer moved by the mouse.

Did you know?

The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is a big patch of garbage and debris in the middle of the northern Pacific Ocean which is caused due to the currents in the ocean pushing the trash into one place.

Did you know?

The name of Botswana’s currency means ‘rain’.

The pula is the currency of Botswana. The word pula literally means ‘rain’ in the local Setswana language. Since much of Botswana is desert, rainfall is a rare event in the country, and is therefore highly valuable and considered to be a blessing.

wikimedia.com

For more interesting facts about Botswana.

Did you know?

House made of playdough

You can make your own play dough. Watch this video to find out how to do it.

Did you know? 

Wanneer jy tyd saam met diere deurbring, skei jy die hormoon serotonien af wat maak dat jy gelukkig voel. Interaksie met perde het terapeutiese waarde en word ook gebruik deur kinders wat probleme het soos depressie, angs, outisme en ADHD.

When you spent time with animals, you releases a hormone  called serotonin which make you feel happy. Interaction with horses has therapeutic value and is used to treat children suffering from despression, anxiety, autism and ADD.

Did you know?

About 1 000 sea turtles die annually from swallowing plastic.

Did you know?

The tallest building in South Africa is The Leonardo in Sandton. The Leonardo hotel has 55 floors and is 234 meters tall.

Did you know?

Myths and legends are not only found in Africa. Many other cultures have their own myths and legends. An example is Greek Mythology. The famous story Achilles’ Heel is part of Greek Mythology which tells the story of a demigod (half man, half god) who was one of the greatest warriors and who was defeated because of his only weakness: his Achilles’ heel.

To hear the story of Achilles’ heel, click on the video.

Did you know?

Here are some tips for reading aloud:

  • Read with expression.
  • Pause for punctuation.
  • Vary the volume of your voice.
  • Vary the pace at which you read.

Did you know?

We use lines of longitude to divide Earth into time zones. There are 360° of longitude – 180° west + 180° east.

Did you know?

Mint can be added to lemonade to add flavour to the drink. Mint is not only good for adding flavour but has many vitamins that are good for your health. It can also be used to freshen your breath!

Remember

The opposite (inverse) of division is multiplication.
Example: 6 × 5 = 30 so we know that 30 ÷ 5 = 6.

When we estimate, we make a good guess based on what we know.

To estimate an answer, we round numbers off to make them easier to work with. For example, 598 ÷ 3 is not easy to calculate. If we round up 598 to 600, the calculation is much easier.

We know that 6 ÷ 3 = 2. So 600 ÷ 3 = 200.

We know that the answer to 598 ÷ 3 will be close to 20

Did you know?

There is an animal in South America called the ‘glass frog’. He is see-through to blend in with its environment for survival.

Did you know?

A flash mob (or flashmob) is a group of people who assemble suddenly in a public place, perform for a brief time, then quickly disperse.

Did you know?

A compass is a magnetic needle that reacts to the magnetic fields of the earth.

Remember
Always read the grid references carefully so that you do not make a mistake when trying to locate an object or when giving directions.

NB: Calculate from the exact block.

Did you know?

A global positioning system, or GPS, is a system of satellites that is used to help us find our way around Earth. The satellites orbit Earth and send radio signals back to Earth. The radio signals send information to the receiver, which could be a smartphone or car GPS.

Did you know?

Cardiovascular exercise and healthy eating improve your memory.

Did you know?

Caitlin Rooskrantz is a South African gymnast. She has won many medals.

Did you know?

When you are at the north pole, any direction you face is south!

Did you know? 

The Iconic Tower, in Egypt, is now the tallest building in Africa. It is 385,8 metres tall.  

The 6th October Bridge in Cairo, Egypt, is the longest bridge in Africa. It crosses the Nile River and is 20,5 km long.  

The longest suspension bridge in Africa is the Maputo-Katembe bridge in Mozambique. It connects the north and south banks of Maputo. It is also a road link between Mozambique and South Africa. 
Use the map to give the grid references of Egypt and Mozambique. 

Did you know?

Cold-blooded animals regulate their temperature based on their environment.

Did you know?

Sleep helps you remember things! That is why it is very important to sleep well before a test or exam. Watch the video below for more study tips.

Did you know?

Philo Farnsworth lived in a house without electricity until he was 14.

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)

That the word ‘chat’ means xoxa and ‘khuluma’ means speak/talk.

Banomusa: they are kind

Jabula: happy

Sekuya guqubala: it is becoming cloudy.

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)

That the O.C. (object concord for you singular is ‘ku’), i.e. umfundi uyakuthanda. (The learner loves you.)

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)

Ukuthi ‘uThishakazi’ unguthisha wesifazane, ‘kazi’ ekugcineni kwaleli bizo kukhombisa ubulili. (That ‘uThishakazi’ is a female teacher, ‘kazi’ at the end of this noun indicates gender.)

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)

Ukuthi ubuningi bomntwana osesigabeni 11 yizingane ezisekilasini le-10. (That the plural of umntwana which is in class 11 is abantwana in class 10.)

Ingilazi yewayini: is a glass of wine.

Khumbula! (Remember!)

a+a =a, a+i=e, a+u=o.

Ubusazi? (Did you know?)

Ukuthi nakuba indawo yokudlela ngesiZulu ibizwa ngokuthi ‘indawo endaweni’, abantu abaningi basebenzisa igama elibolekiwe elithi ‘restaurant’ esikhundleni sencazelo yalo yoqobo. (That although the restaurant in isiZulu is called ‘indawo yokudlela’, most people use the borrowed word ‘restaurant’ instead of its original meaning.)

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)

Ukuthi uma isiqu sesiphawulo u-‘hle’ sisetshenziswa ezigabeni zamabizo 9 no-10 ukuchaza amabizo ‘hl’ ashintsha abe ‘tl’ okungukuthi. inhle ingubo. (That if an adjective stem ‘hle’ is used in noun classes 9 and 10 to describe the nouns ‘hl’ changes to ‘tl’ ie. the dress is beautiful.)

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)

That in isiZulu the word ‘nsundu’ means colour brown.

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)

That although the rule for predicative use in adjectives is noun prefix minus the initial vowel but class 9 is the exception because you have to keep the initial vowel, i.e. Intombi inhle. (The girl is beautiful).

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)

The idiom ‘ilanga likhipha inhlanzi emanzini’, literally means the sun so hot, it is taking fish out of the water meaning it is very hot.

Ubusazi? (Did you know?)

That you use the same locative rules to different prepositions before nouns. i.e. From school or to school will be esikoleni.

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)

The expression for when it is very cold in isiZulu is ‘Ngiphuma isikhumba senkukhu’ literally meaning I am getting chicken skin meaning I have goosebumps, which happens when you are cold or scared.

Kanye: and

Nginga: can/may

Impahla yokubhukuda: swimming costume

Ihlobo: summer

Ehlobo: in summer

Ubusika: winter

Ebusika: in winter

Izimpahla zasebusika: winter clothes

Izimpahla zasehlobo: summer clothes

Khumbula!

Akukhathaliseki ukuthi umuntu uphila ezimweni ezingelula, okubalulekile wukuthi wonke umuntu unenkululeko lokuveza ikhono lakhe.

Khumbula!

Unike izithako.
Unike indlela yokwenza.
Usho isikhathi sokupheka.
Bese usho ukuthi leso sidlo ungasidla nani.

Isaga

Isisu somhambi asingakanani, singangenso yenyoni.
Lesi saga sisho ukuthi umuntu wamukela noma ngabe yini mupha yona edliwayo uma efika ekhaya lakho/kini. Phela lokhu kwakusuke kushiwo umuntu osuka kude, ecela ukuba aphiwe indawo yokufihla ikhanda kanye nokudla.

Uthi bewazi?

Ziningi izindlela zokukhangisa kulesi sikhathi samanje. Kuphela nje umuntu uyazikhethela umgudu wokukhangisa, elandela labo abahlosile ngalokho akukhangisayo.

Ukuthi ‘kwasukasukela’ kuyindlela yokuqala inganekwane. La mazwi ashiwo oxoxayo ngenhloso yokubikezela ukuthi abalaleli abayeke abakwenzayo balalele inganekwane. Le nkulumo ishiwo
ezingenekwaneni kuphela.

Ukuthi cosu cosu iyaphela khona kuchaza ukuphela kwenganekwane. Leli binzanalisetshenziswa ezinganekwaneni kuphela

Khumbula!
Inkulumo-mpendulwano kumele ibe nolimi oluhle noluqondile. Uma wenza itiye uqaphele ukuthi amanzi abilayo angakushisi. Igedlela ungalibeki endaweni ephezulu lapho lingawela khona phezu kwakho nezinye izingane.

Khumbula!

Gwema ukusebenzisa impoqo kubantu abadala kunawo ngoba akuzwakali kahle.
Imiyalelo oyinika abantu kumele icace.
Hlala njalo usebenzisa ulimi olungalumeli.

Khumbula!

Izinkondlo ziveza imizwa yembongi ngalokho okuyikhathazile noma lokho okuyijabulisile. Umoya wenkondlo uba yilokho imbongi ekuzwayo.
Inkondlo iyindlela eshaya emhlolweni. Isebenzisa amagama anembayo

Uthi bewazi?

Uma ungathobeli umthetho womgwaqo amaphoyisa azokugweba ugcine usuphelelwe umsebenzi, kwabafundayo bangaphelelwa ikusasa ngenxa yobudedengu obebungavimbeka.

Uthi bewazi?

I-athikhili yephephandaba umbhalo obhalelwa umphakathi nsuku zonke ngendikimba ethile kuye ngokuthi bezithini izindaba zalolo suku. Ungabhalwa ilungu lomphakathi bese liwuthumela kumshicileli walelo phephandaba ukuba alishicilele.

debit card: a debit card, also known as a check card or bank card is a payment card that can be used in place of cash to make purchases

credit card: a credit card is a payment card issued to users to enable the cardholder to pay a merchant for goods and services based on the cardholder’s accrued debt

foreign exchange: an institution or system for dealing in the currencies of other countries

currency: a system of money in general use in a particular country.

investment: investment is the dedication of an asset to attain an increase in value over a period of time

finance: finance, also known as financial economics, is the study and discipline of money, currency and capital assets

transaction: a financial transaction is an agreement, or communication, between a buyer and seller to exchange goods, services, or assets for payment

interest: money additionally paid regularly at a particular rate for the use of money lent, or for delaying the repayment of a debt

Uthi bewazi?
Kubalulekile ukuthi ekuseni ngaphambi kokuphuma ekhaya ubhekisise isimo sezulu sosuku ukuze uzokwazi ukuzilungiselela ube nosuku oluhle.

Khumbula! (Remember!)

That inyama is a meat or flesh.

Thengela: buy for

Culela: sing for

Vulela: open for

Thandazela: pray for

Incwadi: letter

Khumbula! (Remember!)

Remember the verbal extension ‘ela’ is doing to/for.

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)

If the verbal extension ‘ela’ is added to the verb the meaning of ‘doing something for’ is expressed. Isibonelo: Siyamkhokhela. (We are paying for him/her.)

Ebhusha: at the butchery
Umdayisi wenyama: a butcher
Inyama yemvu: lamb / meat of the sheep
Siza: help/please
Cela: ask politely
Yamalini: of how much
Letha: bring
Inyama: meat
Nani futhi: and what else
Khokha: pay
Kala: weigh
Isoseji: sausage
Ushintshi: change
Ilanga: sun
Shona: set/go down

Khumbula! (Remember!)

Remember that ‘ibhusha’ is a butchery but ‘umdayisi wenyama’ is a butcher

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)

That the noun ‘umthengi’ (customer) is derived from a verb ‘thenga’ (buy).

Namkelekile: you are welcome (plural)
Wamkelekile: you are welcome (singular)
Ngobani: Why?
Qedile: finished
Emuva kwesikhathi: after a while
Sanibonani nonke: hello everyone
Ubuhle befamu: the beauty of a farm
Masiyeni endlini: let’s go to the house
Hamba: go
Sala kahle!: stay well!
Sebenzisa: use
Indlu yokudlela: dinning room

The word ‘ukunibonisa’ means to show.

Uyagula: He/she is sick.
Uju: honey
Ubisi: milk
Imithetho: laws
Nzima: difficult / heavy
Mnandi: nice
Khathele: tired
Inkomo: cow

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)

Vakashela and ukuyobona are synonyms. They both mean ‘visit’.

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)

Ukuthi igama elithi ‘athwala’ lisho ‘umshayeli’ noma njengesenzo esiphikisayo ‘they don’t drive’. (That the word ‘abashayeli’ means ‘driver’ or as a negative verb ‘they do not drive’.)

Khumbula! (Remember!)

Ungasebenzisa u-ya njenge-infix lapho kungekho lutho olulandela isenzo emishweni eyakhayo okungukuthi Ngiyashayela, kodwa cha u-ya emishweni enegethivu okungukuthi, Angishayeli. (You can use ya as an infix when nothing follows the verb in positive sentences i.e. Ngiyashayela, but no ya in negative sentences i.e. Angishayeli.)

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)

That I am not going home is translated to ‘angiyi ekhaya’.

I-Ya ingasetshenziswa njengesenzo esithi hamba (indawo) noma i-infix lapho kungekho lutho olulandela isenzo. (Ya can be used as a verb go (destination) or an infix when nothing follows the verb.)

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)

In isiZulu ‘hamba’ is a verb meaning go.

The isiZulu word for coffee is ikhofi.

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)

NgesiZulu awuvunyelwe ukuba onkamisa eduze komunye nomunye kunalokho kufanele uhlanganise onkamisa ngale ndlela: a+a=a, a+i=e, a+u=o. (In isiZulu you are not allowed to have vowels next to each other instead you must do vowel combination like this: a+a=a, a+i=e, a+u=o.)

Yini indaba is a question word meaning why.

Xoxa: chat
Mangihambe: let me go
Hamba: go
Ngonyiwe: i am thirsty
Ngikhathele: i am tired

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)

Phuza is a verb for drinking.
Water is amanzi and has no plural.

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)

Ukuthi ukuhleleka kwamagama ngesiNgisi nangesiBhunu kuyefana ezintweni ezinazo. (That the word order in English and in Afrikaans is the same in possessives.)
Example: my mother (English), my moeder (Afrikaans)
In Zulu we say ‘umama wami’

Khumbula!
Khumbula Umbiko wephephanda ushicelelwa ephephandabeni, ufunde yiwo wonke amalungu omphakathi. Ngakho-ke, ulimi olusetshenziswa kuwona kufanele lubhekisiswe.

Khumbula!
Incwadi yobungani iba nekheli elilodwa elihamba nosuku

Uthi bewazi?

Zikhona izikole ezifundisana ngokuhlela indlela umuntu amele ngabe usebenzisa ngayo imali. Lezi zikole ziwusizo olukhulu emphakathini. Kunanezifundo nezincwadi ongazitholela zona kwi-inthanethi.

Khumbula!

Khumbula Ungayithathi imali oyiphiwa umuntu ohlangana naye emgwaqeni noma ongayazi. Uma kuba khona umuntu okuphoqa ukuthi uthathe imali kubona, bikela abazali bakho ngokushesha.

Uthi bewazi?

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi iyiphi imininingwane okungamele uyifake kwinthanethi noma kwizinkundla zokuxhumana ngoba lokho kungafukafa engozini enkulu yokuthi ubanjwe izigebengu noma zifike ekhaya lakho zizofuna lokhu abakubone ukufakile.

Khumbula!
Ukuba nabangani abazulayo bengabikile emakhaya ukuthi bayaphi kuyingozi ngoba angeke bazi abazali ukuthi nisaphephile yini lapho nikhona.

Did you know?

We call the four main compass directions the cardinal points.

Click on this link to watch a video about the cardinal points.

See if you can get all the questions right.

umhlangano: a meeting
ehovisi: in the office
Thishanhloko: headmaster
thengela: buy for
amapeni: pens
amarula: rulers
umdlalo wombhoxo: game of rugby
inkambi: on the field
funda: read, study or learn
fundisa: teach
ngiyafunda: I am reading
angifundi: I am not reading
siyafunda: we are reading
asifundi: we are not reading
umfundi uyadlala: the pupil is playing
umfundi akadlali: the pupil is not playing

Uthi bewazi? (Did you know?)
Igama elithi ‘kahle’ nelithi ‘kamnandi’ ayizandiso futhi achaza izenzo. (The words ‘kahle’ and ‘kamnandi’ are adverbs and describe verbs.)

NgesiZulu la magama ahlukaniswa ngokuthi ‘izandiso’. Engxoxweni, izihlanganiso ezinjengokuthi ‘ngoba’, ‘futhi’ kanye ‘kodwa’ zisetshenziswe. Ngoba (because) futhi (and) kodwa (kodwa). (In isiZulu these words are classified as ‘izandiso’. In the dialogue, conjunctions such as ‘ngoba’, ‘futhi’ and ‘kodwa’ were used. Ngoba (because) futhi (and) kodwa (but).)

namhlanje: today
buza: ask
izifundo: subjects
kusiphi isikolo: in which school
nenzani: what are you doing
kakhulu: big
futhi: and
njengehoki: like hockey
Ibhola lombhoxo: rugby
inethibholi: netball
nethenisi: and tennis
bayasifundisa: they teach us
kahle: well
ngekhefu: during break
phandle: outside
ziphi izifundo: which subjects
ukuthi: because
kumnandi: it is pleasant
ngiyabona: I can see
banezandla ezifudumele: they have warm hands
imfundo iyisikhiyo sempilo: education is the key to life
izinto ezibalulekile: important things
empilweni yethu: In our lives
kufunele sihambe: we have to go

namhlanje: today
gibela: climb or ride
hamba: go
bamba: catch
khetha: choose
ukuhamba: to go, to walk
thanda: like
nje: so, like so
izolo: yesterday

Uthi bewazi? (Did you know?)

Izenzo ezigqanyisiwe emishweni zigcina ngo ‘a’ noma ‘e’ > ngicela uqaphele lapho enkathini yakamuva isenzo sigcina ngo ‘e’ nalapho enkathini yamanje isenzo sigcina ngo ‘a‘. (The highlighted verbs in the sentences end either in an ‘a’ or an ‘e’ > please note when in the recent past tense the verb ends in an ‘e’ and when in the present tense the verb ends in ‘a‘.)

wena: you
unomsila: you have a tail
unamehlo amahle: you have beautiful eyes
unguVuyo: you are Vuyo
ulala embhedeni: you sleep on the bed
udlala ekhishini: you play in the kitchen
udla inyama namathambo: you eat meat and bones
uphuza amanzi nobisi: you drink water and milk
ngiyakuthanda: I love you
ngoba: because
unomusa: you are kind
friendliness; you are friendly

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)
I-‘yami’ in ‘inja yami’ iyisixhumanisi esiphathekayo futhi yakhiwe ngale ndlela elandelayo: ‘ya’ (possessive link ‘ya’ + ‘mi’/ of mine) (The ‘yami’ in ‘inja yami’ is a possessive link and formed in the following way: ‘ya’ (possessive link ‘ya’ + ‘mi’/ of mine))
Sicela uqaphele ukuthi isixhumanisi sobunikazi sibhekisela egameni elichazayo futhi kulokhu (Please note that the possessive link refers to the noun it describes and in this)

Words such as colours describing nouns are called relatives (Izibaluli).
The noun described (as well as its noun class) determines the relative links or concord used.
Izibonelo (Examples)
iNgubo (noun class 9 and relative links ‘e’ or ‘i’) = ‘iNgubo ebomvu’ (the red dress)‘iNgubo ibomvu’ (the dress is red)
Amabizo esigaba se-10 athatha izixhumanisi ezihlobene ‘ama’ kanye ‘no’a’. (Nouns in noun class 10 take the relative links ‘ama’ and ‘a‘.)
Izibonelo (Examples):
‘amahembe abomvu’(red shirts)
‘amahembe abomvu’ (the shirts are red)

Uma igama ekilasini 1 noma 1(a) lakha inhloko yomusho isivumelwano senhloko (Isivumelwano senhloko) sithi ‘u’. (When a word in class 1 or 1(a) forms the subject of the sentence the subject concord (Isivumelwano senhloko) is ‘u’.)

Lapho igama elisegameni lesigaba 11 lakha inhloko yomusho i-subject concord (Isivumelaniso senhloko) ithi ‘lu’. (When a word in noun class 11 forms the subject of the sentence the subject concord (Isivumelaniso senhloko) is ‘lu’.)

‘jabula’ is the verb for being happy and is used as follows:
Ngijabulile. (I am happy.)
Umama ujabulile. (Mother is happy.)

intaba encane: small mountain
intaba enkulu: big mountain
ulwandle: the sea
idamu: a dam
ibhasi elibomvu: a red bus
ibhasi elimhlophe: white bus
indawo ebizwa: a place called
izitolo: shops
imvu: sheep
eziningi: many

Uthi Bewazi? (Did you know?)
‘Jabulile’ is the verb for being happy and is used as follows:
Ngijabulile. (I am happy.)
Umama ujabulile. (Mother is happy.)

Uthi bewazi? (Did you know?)
Izimpawu zokubhala (Punctuation marks)

  • Sisebenzise uphawu lwesibabazo ngemva kokuyala noma ukuyala othile noma abantu ukuthi benze okuthile (We have used the exclamation mark after commanding or instructing somebody or people to do something)
  • NgesiZulu isibabazo saziwa ngokuthi ‘uphawu lwesikhuzo’. (In isiZulu the exclamation mark is known as ‘uphawu lwesikhuzo’.)
  • Uphawu lwesibabazo lungasetshenziswa futhi ngemva kokungenela (‘izikhuzo’) njengokuthi ‘Hayibo!’ (Cha!) kanye nokuthi ‘Sii!’ (ukukhombisa ukuyithakasela into enhle oyibonayo) (The exclamation mark can also be used after interjections (‘izikhuzo’) such as ‘Hayibo!’ (No!) and ‘Sii!’ (to show admiration for something beautiful you see))

Uthi bewazi? (Did you know?)

Sicela uqaphele ukuthi uma isiqu sesiphawulo ‘ngaki’ (bangaki) sisetshenziswa, isivumelwano sesiphawulo noma isixhumanisi sinesiqalo kuleli gama. Lesi sivumelwano sesiphawulo esibhekise kubizo elithile esilichazayo siyasetshenziswa. (Please note that when the adjectival stem ‘ngaki’ (how many) is used, the adjective concord or link is prefixed to this word. This adjective concord referring to the specific noun it describes is used.)
Izibonelo (Examples):
1. Abantwana
aba+wungaki? (How many children?)
2. Amantombazane
awu+ngaki? (How many girls?)

Uma isabizwana sokubonisa kusetshenziswa unkamisa wokuqala (noma onkamisa ababili) bebizo elilandela lesi sabizwana sokubonisa, uyayekwa, noma akhishwe. (If the demonstrative pronoun is used the initial vowel (or two vowels) of the noun following this demonstrative pronoun, is dropped, or omitted.)

Izibonelo (Examples)

‘le vidiyo’ (this video)
‘labantwana’ (these children)

Uthi bewazi? (Did you know?)
Sicela uqaphele ukuthi elithi ‘u‘ libhekisela ‘kuwe’ ebunyeni futhi elithi ‘ni’ kuwe ngobuningi. (Please note that ‘u‘ refers to ‘you’ in the singular and ‘ni’ to you in the plural form.)
Isibonelo (examples)
a. Ungawathenga awaswidi.(You may buy sweets.)
b. Ningawathenga amaswidi. (All of you may buy sweets.)

baya (they go)
baphatha (they carry)
bagibela (they climb)
intaba (the mountain)
entabeni (on the mountain)
bomile (they are thirsty)
balambile (they are hungry)
phezu kwentaba (on top of the mountain)
ngempelasonto (during the weekend)
phakathi neviki (during the week)
baphuza (they drink)
nini (when)
ini (what)
kuphi (where)

Uthi bewazi?
Ngaphandle nje kokuthi izinganekwane zazixoxelwa ukufundisa izinto eziningi, ziyahlekisa. Lokho kwenza zithokozeleke futhi zisize ekuchitheni isizungu. Ukubuthana ndawonke ngenhloso yokuzolalela izinganekwane kwakuletha ukuzwana ezinganeni zezindlu ngezindlu njengoba imizi yayinesithembu nje.

Uthi bewazi?

I-inthavyu ibekelwa isikhathi esithile kulelo lunga ngalinye elibuzwa imibuzo.

Le ngxoxo iholwa yimibuzo edinga izimpendulo kulowo obuzwayo.

i-inthavyu ibekelwa isikhathi esithile kulelo lunga ngalinye elibuzwa imibuzo.

Uthi bewazi? (Did you know?)

I-infinitive ngesiZulu yakhiwa ngokusebenzisa ‘uku’ + isenzo. (The infinitive in isiZulu is formed by making use of ‘uku’ + verb.)

Example: uku + ya= ukuya > to go

uku + dla+= ukudla > to eat

Uthi bewazi? (Did you know?)

‘Isitolo sokudlela’ means ‘restaurant’ in English. If the initial vowel changes to ‘e’, for example: ‘esitolo sokudlela’, the meaning changes completely. The meaning is now ‘in the restaurant’. (‘Isitolo sokudlela’ kusho ‘indawo yokudlela’ ngesiNgisi. Uma unkamisa wokuqala eshintsha abe ‘e’, isibonelo: ‘esitolo sokudlela’, incazelo ishintsha ngokuphelele. Incazelo manje ithi ‘esitolo sokudlela’.)

Uthi bewazi? (Did you know?)
The negative command is formed by adding ‘unga-’ to the verb.
Example: Bheka amafutha! (Check the oil!)
Ungawabheki amafutha! (Don’t check the oil!)

Uthi bewazi? (Did you know?)
The noun ‘uZahara’ is classified as a noun in class 1(a) and the plural of this word is written with the prefix o–, for example ‘oZahara (Zahara and company). Other words in noun class 1(a) are words such as ‘ubaba, umama, usisi, ubhuti, ugogo and umkhulu.’

Umgede: umhhume/umhume ongaba phakathi. 

Isiqiwu: yindawo ebiyelwe okubekwe kuyo izilwane zasendle. 

Impophoma: amanzi ageleza edilika endaweni ephakeme 

khumbula?
Isakhi u‘njenga-’ sisebenza njengesifaniso kodwa singahlanganiswa nebizo, nesabizwana, nesihlanganiso noma nesandiso lapho kufaniswa noma kuqhathaniswa. 

Uthi bewazi?
Ubuciko bomlomo inkulumo enobuchwepheshe noma eyingxoxo eyedluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane. 

Isibonelo: inganekwane 

Khumbula!
Izinganekwane zingaba nabalingiswa abayizilwane noma babe abantu. Ngesinye isikhathi bayaba abantu nezilwane enganekwaneni eyodwa. 

Khumbula!
Inganekwane ibonakala ngokuthi iqala ngamagama athi ‘Kwasukasukele’ iphethe ngamagama athi ‘Cosu cosu iyaphela.’ 

Uma ingenawo lawo magama kusuke kungeyona inganekwane. 

Khumbula!
Isabizwana soqobo – Umsebenzi waso simela ibizo emshweni. Kuyenzeka sisebenze nebizo. 

Isabizwana sokukhomba – Umsebenzi wesabizwana sokukhomba ukukhomba eduze, buqamama, kude 

Khumbula!
Ibizo lakhiwa izakhi ezingaba zimbili nangaphezulu. Yilezi: isiqalo, isiqu nesijobelelo. Isijobelelo sifakwa ekugcineni kwamagama. Ukufakwa kwaso kuletha incazelo ethile, elula ibizo. Kunesijobelelo u-kazi esichaza ubulili noma ubukhulu. 

Uthi bewazi?
Usungakwazi ukusuka la okhona uze uyofika la ofisa ukufika khona ungakaze uye nhlobo futhi ungalayelwanga omunye umuntu. Ungakwenza lokho ngokusebenzisa i-navigator.

Ukuphambuka > ukuchezuka 

Ukuphikelela > ukuphokophela phambili 

Ukugwinciza > ukuzombeza / ukujikajika 

Ukugwema > ukuvimbela; ukubalekela 

Ukungashayi mkhuba > ukunganaki / ukuziba 

Ungqoqwane 
Amakhekhebana amhlophe ayiqhwa aba khona uma amazinga okushisa ehle kakhulu.

Uthi bewazi?
Ngo-2020 isibalo sezivakashi zakuleli ezivela emazweni aphesheya sehla ngamaphesenti angama-71% kuleso sango-2019. 

Khumbula!
Isiphawulo sihambisana nozakwabo okuyisibaluli, ongumnini nenani. Sebebonke bangaphansi kocezukazi okuthiwa isichasiso.  

Igolide lingumnotho ombiwa phansi. Igama elithi igolide lisuselwa kwelesiNgisi elithi ‘gold.’

Khumbula!
Izinsizasenzo yizakhi ezisebenza ukuveza imiqondo ehlukene yesenzo.

Ziningi ezinye ezikhona ngaphandle kwalezi ezitshengiswa ngenhla ezifana no – (-nga-). Isibonelo: Ngingahamba – okuyisakhi sendlela yamandla.

Khumbula!
indlela eqondile, indlela esabizo, indlela ephoqayo, indlela yamandla, indlela encikile, indlela yesimo, indlela yenhloso.

Uthi bewazi? (Did you know?)
Amagama abolekiwe afana nelithi ‘iposi’ (iposi) kanye nelithi ‘siyini’ (indawo yokudlela) athathwe kwezinye izilimi njengesiBhunu nesiNgisi. (Borrowed words such as ‘iposi’ (post office) and ‘siyini’ (restaurant) are borrowed from other languages such as Afrikaans and English.)

Uthi bewazi? (Did you know?)
Uma unkamisa wokuqala u-‘i’ we-iKapa eshintsha abe ngu-‘e’ (eKapa) incazelo nayo ishintsha ngokuphelele. (If the initial vowel ‘i’ of iKapa changes to ‘e’ (eKapa) the meaning also changes completely.)
Example: iKapa (Cape Town)
eKapa (in Cape Town)

IsiZulu names and surnames play a significant role in the isiZulu culture. Names are very descriptive and carry significant meanings. Some interesting examples are: ‘uNonhlanhla’ (the one who brings luck, lucky person), ‘uJabulani’ (the happy person), ‘uThandi’ (the likeable person/girl), ‘uThemba’ (We are hopeful, hope), ‘uLwazi’ (the knowledgeable person) and ‘uSipho’ (the gift).

Do you remember the names of these 2-D shapes?

Uthi bewazi? (Did you know?)
If a noun in noun class 10 such as ‘ijusi’ is described with the adjective stem ‘-hlanu’ note the following changes:

  • The adjective link changes to ‘ezin-’.
  • The ‘hl’ appearing in the descriptive changes to ‘hl’. Nouns in noun class 6 and 10 are all plurals and can be identified by the following prefixes: ‘ama’ (ipentshisi / peaches) ‘izin-’ (izinja / dogs) ‘im-’ (imfundo / education) When making use of the adjective stem ‘-bili’ and something or someone in noun class 10 is described, remember to insert a ‘m’ before the ‘b’ in the word construction.

lo mndeni: this family

abantwana ababili: two children

ulambile: he or she is hungry

wonyiwe: he or she is thirsty

Uthi Bewazi? (Did you know?)
The plural of the following nouns takes the prefix ‘ama-’ > these words belong to noun class 6.

More examples: 

amakati (cats) 

amaphikiniki (picnics) 

Prefix in isiZulu is known as: isiqalo.  

umfanekiso: a picture
emfanekisweni: in the picture
abantu ababili: two people
abantu abahlanu: five people
ukhuluphele:  he, she is fat
uzacile: he,she is thin
umndeni wami: my family
sijabulile: we are happy
indalo yinhle: nature is beautiful
isimo sezulu sihle: the weather is beautiful
amalungiselelo: preparations
njengenyama yemvu: like sheep mutton
izihlahla eziningi: many trees
nezimbali ezihle: and beautiful flowers
emthunzini: in the shade
ijusi yamagilebhisi: grape juice
sizobuyela: we will go back/ we will return

Uthi Bewazi! (Did you know!)

ubunye ubuningi
uthisha othisha
umama omama
umfundi abafundi
Ingumbi lokufundela Amagumbi okufundela
ikati amakati

Uthi bewazi! (Did you know!)
Adding the suffix ‘-kazi’ to the noun ‘-thisha’ changes the gender to female.

The plural of ‘umfundi’ is ‘abafundi’ – the prefix ‘um’ is replaced with the prefix ‘aba’. 

hamba: go

thanda: love or like

bona: see

Phuza: drink

Uthi bewazi? (Did you know?)
Future tense: use ‘zo-’ in the following way:
Ngizothanda:
Subject-verb link +ngi
‘zo’ + verb

sizoya: we will go
ukuyobona: to see
ngijabule: I am happy
ngiyazithanda lezindlovu: I like these elephants
namathole: and the calves
buya: return
nikhumbule ukungilanda: remember to fetch me

Uthi bewazi? (Did you know?)
The plural noun of class 9 is in class 10.

Izibonelo (Examples)
indlulamithi / izindlulamithi
ibubhesi /amabhubesi
inyoka / izinyoka
Please note that all three the above take the singular prefix ‘i-’ or ‘in-’ with its plural ‘ama-, izi-’.

The word ‘amanzi’ (water) in its locative form is ‘emanzini’ (n the water).

ngithanda kakhulu: I like a lot
hluba: peel
sizo sebenzisa: we will use
yiphi indishi : which bowl
ikhabe: watermelon
masidle: let’s eat
kuzoba mnandi: it will be pleasant
angiyithandi: I do not like
Ezinye izandiso: other adverbs:
namhlanje: isandiso sesikhathi / adverb of time
ekhishini: isandiso sendawo / adverb of place

Uthi bewazi? (Did you know?)
In the following sentence the word ‘kakhulu’ is used as an adverb as it describes the verb ‘thanda.

‘Ngithanda kakhulu ubhanana namagilebhisi’.

‘Isandiso’ is used as an ideophone / ‘isifanekisozwi’ and has the meaning of ‘completely not’ in English.

ngekhefu: during break 

faka: put in 

ngehlobo: during summer 

kufanele: we must 

Ukudla okunempilo: healthy food

Uthi bewazi? (Did you know?)
Imiyalelo ( instructions) 

Simply use the verb in a normal singular instruction: 

Isibonelo (Example) 

‘geza amastrobheli’ (wash the strawberries) 

Add ‘unga-’ to the front of the verb if a negative instruction is used.  

Isibonelo (Example) 

‘ungayigezi’ (don’t wash)

If a single syllable verb is used such as ‘-dla’ prefix ‘i-’ to this verb:

‘idla izithelo ’ (eat the fruit) 

Remember to drop the ‘yi’ in the negative instruction. 

If a vowel commencing verb is used add ‘i’ to the front of the verb.

Isibonelo (Example) 

Yenza isaladi yezithelo. (make the fruit salad) 

Remember!

Synonyms are words with the same or a similar meaning.

Antonyms are words with the opposite meaning.

Ubusazi?
Imbalela kuxa imvula inqabile inganethi. 

Khumbula!
Isenzi sibonisa intshukumo okanye isenzeko. 

Remember

Trace your shapes slowly and be careful when you cut out your shapes.

Remember

Use the corner of a book or a piece of paper to help you decide if an angle is a right angle.

Remember to use the BODMAS rule to solve maths problems.

B = brackets

O = of

D = divide

M = multiply

A = add

S = subtract

two-dimensional (2D) shape: shapes that have length and width only

dimensions: the lengths of the sides of the 2D shape

circle: a 2D shape in which all points are the same distance from the centre of the shape

Remember

Be organised and neat when you work so that you do not make any mistakes.

Did you know?

Advertensies se inligting is nie altyd net op feite gebaseer nie. Advertensies maak dikwels gebruik van stories omdat mense oor die algemeen lief is vir stories. Advertensies probeer ook ‘n begeerte by jou skep om die produk wat geadverteer word, te kry. Onthou dat adertensies hoofsaaklik fokus op die verkoop van produkte en nie noodwendig op gesondheid nie. Daarom moet mens mooi dink of die produk regtig goed is vir ‘n mens.

Remember

There are only so many resources in the world, so remember to recycle what you can.

extrapolate: to estimate the values outside a range in which some of its values are known, on the assumption that the trends in the range continue outside it

prediction: to say or estimate that something will happen in the future or will be a consequence of something

Remember

Be imaginative but work carefully when drawing up your graphs.

vertical: at right angles to the ground or a horizontal plane

horizontal: parallel to the ground or the plane of the horizon

axis: a fixed reference line

frequency: the number of times an event occurs

tally: a mark used to keep count of the number of times something happens

isekhabetheni: it is in the cupboard

izicathulo zami: my shoes

amajazi wami: my coats

khona: here

namhlanje: today

liphi ihembe lakho: where is your shirt

ayikho: it is not here

ikhona: it is here

zisekhabetheni: they are in the cupboard

zisekhishini: they are in the kitchen

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)
Please note that ‘yami’ is a possessive / ‘ubumnini’.
‘ya’ + mi (of mine) > ‘yami’.
It is formed by making use of the possessive link for class 9 as follows:

namhlanje: today

ihambega: hamburger

ibhanana: banana

ama-apile: apples

amaqanda: eggs

neebhanana: and bananas

kuba: because

ndilambile: I am hungry

unovenkile: shopkeeper

ndingakwenzela ntoni?: What can I do for you?

ukuthenga: to buy; the buying

ndilambile: I am hungry

masingene: let us enter

isitolo sezipahla: clothes shop

izimpahla ezintsha: new garments

ibruko ende: long pants

uthenga kuphela: she or he only buys

bajabulile abantwana: the children are happy.

ezifanelekile: suitable

apho: there

njengeetapile: like potatoes

iimbotyi: beans

isonka: bread

ibhotolo: butter

ngokuthenga: by buying

bancediswa: they are assisted

ubabonisa: he shows them

bhatala: pay

etilini: at the till

bagoduka: they go home

ngokukhawuleza: quickly

isonka nebhotolo: bread and butter

zonke ezi zinto: all these things

namhlanje: today

iphi ihempe yakho: where is your raincoat

ayikho: it is not here

ikho: it is here

Bewazi? (Did you know?)
Please note that ‘ngi’ has two meanings and note that these formations are written as one word.
Mangihambe. (Let me go.)
Ngiyahamba. (I am going.)

Uthi bewazi? (Did you know?)
‘Ulwandle’ is the word for ‘beach’ but if you replace the initial vowel with an ‘o’ the meaning changes to ‘at the beach’. This is also correct in the story.

The idiom ‘ilanga likhupha iintlanzi emanzini’ has a literal meaning of ‘the sun pulls the fish out of the water – it is very hot’.

Igama elithi umdlalo lisuselwa kwelithi “drama,” okuyigama elasungulwa amagrikhi kudala lichaza imidlalo ehlukene eyayidlalwa esiteji eyahamba yaze yaqoshwa ngisho nakomabonakude. 

Did you know? 

The largest country in Africa is Algeria. Almost all of Algeria is in the Sahara Desert.

image: pixabay.com
The Sahara desert of Algeria

 

The smallest country in Africa is the Seychelles. The Seychelles is made up of 115 small islands in the Indian Ocean.

image: pixabay.com
Islands of the Seychelles

 

The smallest country on mainland Africa is the Gambia.

image: pixabay.com
Banjul – the capital city of The Gambia.

island: an area of land that is surrounded by water and is smaller than a continent

mainland: the largest part of a continent

Masifakane imilomo: Masithethe

Uthi bewazi? (Did you know?)

The word ‘ikhanda’ is formed as follows:

u (he or she) + na (has or have) + ikhanda (a head) = unekhanda (he or she has a headache)

Uthi bewazi? (Did you know?)

If a noun in noun class 9 such as ‘umbhede and ‘ingubo’ belongs to somebody or something in noun class 1(a) ‘ka’ is used as possessive link.

Izibonelo (Examples)

‘umbhede kaThembeka’

‘ingubo kaThemba’

intwasahlobo: spring
izimbali: flowers
izimbali zasendle: wildflowers
Isihlahla: tree
Izihlahla: trees
amasimu: lands
Iqabunga: leaf
amaqabunga: leaves
Inyoni: bird
Izinyoni: birds
Ihlumela: sprout
khelela: pick for
Lalela: listen
baleka: run
dubula: bloom
efamu: on the farm

thanda: like
kakhulu: a lot
dlala: play
kamnandi: nicely
qala: start
Imbali: flower
hlala: stay
kamnandi: nicely
Ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka: this time of the year

ngisahlala: I am still sitting
ngaphandle: outside
basacosha: they are still picking
usadlala: he or she is still playing
imbali: a flower
izimbali: flowers
izimbali zisadubula: the flower is still blooming
izimbali: flowers
amadoda: men
Idla: eat
izithelo: fruits

Ubani okhulumayo: who is speaking
ngumnumzana: it is mister
ukhona: is present / is there
funa ukukhuluma: want to speak
bamba kanjalo: hold on
biza: call
masiye olwandle: let’s go to the beach
hlangane: meet
ehostela: at the hostel
sizoya: we will go
ngetekisi: by taxi
kulungile: it is fine
sobonana: we will see each other

wenzani: what are you doing
ekuseni: in the morning
sebenza: work
sebenzisana: work together
dlala: play
dlalani: play together
pheka: cook
idla: eat
Ngaphandle: outside
egunjini lokuphekela: the kitchen
engadini: in the garden

Kunenkolelo ethi izinganekwane azixoxwa emini. Uma uyixoxa emini umila izimpondo. 

Uthi bewazi?

Ogogo babexoxa inganekwane ethile ngenhloso yokufundisa okuthile uma kukhona umkhuba othile ongemuhle. Babesuke befuna ukuxwayisa nokunikeza isifundo esithile mayelana nalokho abakubonayo. 

Uthi bewazi?

Umuntu nomuntu kufanele aphuze izingilazi eziyisishiyagalombili zamanzi ngosuku ukuze ahlele ephile kahle. Ungaphuza izingilazi ezimbili ekuseni, ezimbili emini, ezimbili ntambama nezimbili ngaphambi kokuyolala. 

Imvula iyana (ayinethi). 

Ukunetha / ukunethwa kusho ukuthelwa yimvula. 

Uthi Bewazi?

Inkolelo yakudala kanye nososayensi bavumelana ngakothi akufanele umuntu agcaluze phandle uma ngabe izulu liduma futhi libanika. Baphinde bethi kufanele ugweme ukubhukuda ngoba imibani ikhipha amakhemikhali angaba nobungozi uma kwenzeka ekuthola usemanzini.

Igula yisitsha esihlala amasi.  Lesi sitsha sakhiwa ngokomisa izigubhu zoselwa bese kukhishwa izihlamvu ezomile phakathi. Kusetshenziswa ihleza ukuthi libe yisivalo segula. Ihleza yiqobho elisala uma umuntu esedle isikhwebu sommbila waphela. 

Uthi bewazi?

Isaga esithi selidumela emasumpeni sisuselwa kulesi senzo sokusenga. Lokhu kwakushiwo uma ithunga selizogcwala. Amasumpa yile ngxenye yemilenze engasemadolweni ebambe ithunga lokusengela. Lesi saga sichaza ukuthi sekuzolunga. 

Uthi bewazi?

Umndeni onemfuyo wawungalambi ngoba kwakuba nenala yobisi namasi. Kwakusenga abafana ngezikhathi zasemini (inhlazane). Esizweni samaZulu, kwakungajwayelekile ukuthi kusenge umuntu wesifazane ngaphandle uma kunezimo eziphoqayo. 

Uthi bewazi?
Abezempilo bazikhipha njalo izexwayiso eziphathelene nokuziphatha kanye nokuzivikela. Kukhona nezinhlelo ezisakazwa komabonakude nasemisakazweni ezikhuthaza ukuziphatha nokuzithiba ezilingweni ezifika kungakabi sikhathi. 

Khumbula! (Remember!)

The subject-verb link used when the subject of the sentence is a noun in noun class 1 and 1a is ‘u’ in the positive and ‘aka’ in the negative. In the negative the verb will take the ‘i’ ending.
Isibonelo:
Ubaba akasebenzi namhlanje. (Father is not working today.)
Ubaba uyasebenza. (Father is working.)

Khumbula! (Remember!)

Inserting ‘sa’ changes the meaning of a verb construction completely.
Isibonelo: Ngisahlala ekhaya. (I am still staying at home.)

Khumbula! (Remember!)

Remember to drop the first vowel of the person you are talking to

Khumbula! (Remember!)

The word ‘Gqoka’ means wear or put on.
Weak class is when the S.C. (subject concord) is just a vowel and strong class is when the S.C. has a consonant in it.

Khumbula! (Remember!)

Masambeni- ma is let and is always followed by a verb ending in e, si an object concord meaning us.

Khumbula! (Remember!)

The plural of the noun indlovu is izindlovu.
The subject verb link of the noun umndeni is u.

Khumbula! (Remember!)

If you start a sentence with somebody’s name, the initial vowel ‘u’ is a capital letter and the letter the name starts with is also written with capital letter.
Isibonelo: UThandeka ebeye eKapa ngamaholidi.

Khumbula! (Remember!)

After the conjunctive ‘kuba’ the subject-verb link for noun class 2 is ‘be’.

Khumbula! (Remember!)

Remember that the word ‘sa’ is to take something/someone from one place to another whereas ‘thatha’ is take similar to pick up ie Ngithatha ukudla kwami etafuleni ( I take my food from the table)

Khumbula! (Remember!)

Remember that the locative of airport is esikhumulweni sezindiza

Khumbula! (Remember!)

Remember to add vowels together when a noun is added to ‘na’

Khumbula! (Remember!)

The possessive link for noun class 10 is ‘za’.
Izibonelo (Examples):

Amabhayisikili ami (my bicycles)
Amabhayisikili akho (your bicycles)
Amabhayisikili (his or her bicycles)

Khumbula! (Remember!)

A verb in the Recent past tense ends in ‘e’ or ‘ile’.
Izibonelo (Examples):
UThandeka uwe endleleni. (Thandeka fell in the road.)
UThandeka uwile. (Thandeka fell.)

Khumbula! (Remember!)

If you speak to somebody directly, you drop the initial vowel of the (noun) person you are addressing.
Izibonelo(Example):

Sawubona, dokotela! (Morning doctor!)
Unjani, Sipho? (How are you Sipho?)

Khumbula! (Remember!)

Remember that the word ‘ngiyakukhumbula’ can mean ‘I remember you’ or ‘I miss you’

Khumbula! (Remember!)

After the word ‘k’ the verb ends in ‘e’.
Izibonelo: Kufanele ngiye kwadokotela. (I must go to the doctor.)

Khumbula! (Remember!)

Remember that when using ‘nga’ as can the S.C. from class 1/1a changes from ‘u’ to ‘a’

Khumbula! (Remember!)

In the word ‘enkulu’ in ‘ingozi enkulu’ the ‘h’ of ‘khulu’ is omitted. The reason being that a noun in noun class 9 is described.

Khumbula! (Remember!)

Remember to eliminate the ‘h’ in the adjective ‘khulu’ when a noun in noun classes 9 and 10 are described.
Isibonelo: itafula elikhulu (big table)

Khumubula! (Remember!)

If commanding one person in isiZulu only the verb is used. A command to more than one person ‘ni’ is added to the verb.
Isibonelo:Thenga lama pensela! (Buy these pens!)
(Singular command)
Thengisa amapensela! (Buy these pens!)
(Plural command)

Khumbula! (Remember!)

Some adverbs of place are also known as locatives as these words indicate place. In isiZulu these words are known as ‘izindawo’.

Khumbula! (Remember!)

The word for ‘city’ is ‘Idolobha’ and a noun in noun class 7.
The plural of ‘Idolobha’ is ‘Amadolobha’.

Khumbula! (Remember!)

If ‘ela’ is added to the verb ‘bhala’ the meaning changes completely.
Isibonelo: Ngibhalela ugogo wami incwadi. (I write to grandmother a letter.)

Khumbula! (Remember!)

Remember that in Future tense negative the verb stays the same but the vowel of ‘za ku’ will be ‘zi ku’

Khumbula! (Remember!)

Remember to insert ‘si’ before the monosyllabic verb in the recent past continuous tense

Khumbula! (Remember!)

The word ‘kuhle’ could mean ‘it is beautiful’ or ‘it is good’

Khumbula! (Remember!)

Enquiring about somebody else’s health one could use different forms such as ‘unjani’, uyaphila or ‘usaphila’. The initial ‘u’ if translated into English is ‘you’, ‘he’ or ‘she’.

Khumbula! (Remember!)

Remember to change ‘u’ to ‘a’ for nouns in class 1/1a when using ‘kufanele’

Khumbula! (Remember!)

Verb ending ‘-ana’ means to do something to one another

Khumbula! (Remember!)

Esikhwameni is locative word meaning in the bag.

To put the subject concord before ‘s’ and a locative after it.

Khumbula! (Remember!)

‘Uthisha’ is a teacher and ‘uthishelakazi’ is a female teacher.

To merge vowels when a noun is added to ‘na’.

Khumbula! (Remember!)

Ngiyathemba can mean I hope or I trust.

O.C. stands for object concord.

Khumbula! (Remember!)

The word ‘wesikolo’ in ‘umsebenzi wesikole’ is in the possessive. The possessive link ‘wa’ is added to the noun ‘isikolo’ to form ‘wesikolo’.

‘hambani’ and ‘hamba’ are used in plural and singular commands.

Khumbula! (Remember!)

The S.C. (subject concord) of class 11 is ‘lu’.

Khumbula! (Remember!)

The word ‘bhema’ means smoking in English.

Relative clause consists of verbs only.

Khumbula! (Remember!)

Ukukhomba is to point in English.

The noun does not drop the initial vowel if the demonstrative is before the noun ie. iintombi ezi.

Khumbula! (Remember!)

Any noun that starts with ‘i’ their subject concord is zi ie. Uweta iyashesha.

Khumbula! (Remember!)

There are exceptions in causative extension ie. vuka (wake up) but vusa (wake someone up)

Khumbula! (Remember!)

Remember that possesives always come after the noun in isiZulu

Khumbula! (Remember!)

Remember to drop the first vowel of the noun following the negative verb.

Khumbula! (Remember!)

Ukudla is food if used as a noun or to eat if used as a verb.

Ngena is enter or come in.

Khumbula! (Remember!)

The isiZulu noun umfazi is a wife/woman.

The verbal suffix ‘ela’ could mean ‘to’ or ‘for’ ie. Ngibhalela umnyeni wami ( I am writing to my husband), Ngiphekela umfazi wami (I am cooking for my wife.)

Khumbula! (Remember!)

Unlike in English, in isiZulu adjectives come after the nouns they describing.

Khumbula! (Remember!)

The plural of ‘umakoti’ is ‘abomakoti’.

Keep the initial vowel on predicative use of adjectiveswhen describing nouns in class 9 ie. ilokhwe intle.

Khumbula! (Remember!)

‘Umndeni’ is in class 11

Khumbula! (Remember!)

The colour yellow is phuzi in isiZulu.
Adjectives comes after the noun they describing.

Khumbula! (Remember!)

Change the first vowel when dealing with locatives.

Locatives for classs 1/1a/2/2a is ku.

Khumbula! (Remember!)
‘awu’ and ‘ani’ used in the singular and plural commands, make the commands or instructions friendlier – almost as if ‘please’ is used. 

Khumbula! (Remember!) 

The word ‘ibhulukwe’ is always in plural in English i.e. pants.

The word -gqoka means wear/put on and izingubo is its noun, bhukuda means swim therefore the literal meaning of the word izingubo zokubhukuda is the costume of swimming, which is the swimming costume.

Khumbula! (Remember!)

Ngonyiwe and Ngikhathele are stative verbs therefore you don’t use ‘ya’ with stative verbs.

Khumbula! (Remember!)

The word ‘ngenani’ is a plural command. (Come in/enter all.)

Remember the plural of the noun ‘umdayisi’ is abadayisi.

Khumbula! (Remember!)

Remember a+u=o

Khumbula! (Remember!)

The English word for the word ‘isitofu’ is a stove.

We use locatives on nouns only not on verb.

Khumbula!
Ubhalomagama olungafanele luyawona umsebenzi obhaliwe.

Khumbula!
Umakhalekhukhwini ungasetshenziswa njengethuluzi lokuzilayela indlela yokufika endaweni ethile. 

Uthi bewazi?
Ubungani obude babantu abazane ngokubhalelana yilobo obabudonse iminyaka engama-78 nezinsuku eziyi-168  ngo-Aphreli we-2018. 

Uthi ubuwazi?
Ngaphandle kwamanzi akukho okuphilayo njengezilwane, abantu nezilwane okungaphila. Ngakho-ke yonga amanzi! 

Khumbula!

Izinkondlo ziletha umuzwa wenjabulo wosizi noma owendumalo. Lokho kuya ngokuthi umbhali ubekusiphi isimo ngesikhathi ebhala. Isakhiwo senkondlo sibalulekile. Akumele imisho ibhalwe ize iyofika
ekugcineni komugqa. Izitanza kumele zikhombise ubunkondlo.

Khumbula!
Izinganekwane eziningi zinabalingiswa abayizilwane. Kuyenzeka kube nabalingiswa abayizilwane kanye nabangabantu enganekwaneni eyodwa. Ngoba inganekwane wumbhalo osuselwa ekhanda ukuze ufundise uphinde uqaphelise, ukuxuba abalingiswa yinto ejwayelekile. Kusukela endulo izinganekwane zaziyindlela yasemandulo yokufundisa abantwana ngezinto ezenzekayo empilweni kanjalo nokuxwayisa ngokwenza into engemukelekile.

Khumbula!

Khumbula ukuthi kunomehluko phakathi kwamagama amqondofana nomqondophika.

Khumbula!
Izakhamizi yizona okumele zisukume zivimbe ubugebengu obungase bubeke engcupheni  izimpilo zabantu abadinga usizo oluphuthumayo uma begula noma belimele. 

Izimbiwa : izinhlonhlobo zezinto ezimbiwa ngaphansi komhlaba ezingumnotho wezwe.  

Khumbula!
Xa ubhala qinisekisa ukuba ulandela le migaqo:  

  • Ukucwangcisa/phambi kokubhala  
  • Ukuyila/ukwenza iidrafti  
  • Ukuhlaziya  
  • Ukuhlela  
  • Ukulungisa iziphene   
  • Nokunikezela 

Khumbula!
Xa ubhala qinisekisa ukuba ulandela le migaqo:  

  • Ukucwangcisa/phambi kokubhala  
  • Ukuyila/ukwenza iidrafti  
  • Ukuhlaziya  
  • Ukuhlela  
  • Ukulungisa iziphene   
  • Nokunikezela   

Khumbula!
Xa ubhala qinisekisa ukuba ulandela le migaqo:  

  • Ukucwangcisa/phambi kokubhala  
  • Ukuyila/ukwenza iidrafti  
  • Ukuhlaziya  
  • Ukuhlela  
  • Ukulungisa iziphene   
  • Nokunikezela 

Ilizwe lethu liyintombazana: Ilizwe lethu lihle  

Khumbula!
Xa ubhala qinisekisa ukuba ulandela le migaqo:  

  • Ukucwangcisa/phambi kokubhala  
  • Ukuyila/ukwenza iidrafti  
  • Ukuhlaziya  
  • Ukuhlela  
  • Ukulungisa iziphene   
  • Nokunikezela 

Ubusazi?
Kule mihla siphila kuyo uyakwazi ukuyithumela i-imeyile nangemfonomfono yakho ukuba iyakwazi ukukuvumela wenze oko.

Khumbula!
Bathiyeni amagama abantu abaza kuthabatha inxaxheba kolu dliwanondlebe. 

Ngenj’ixukuxa– kwangentseni/kwakusasa 

Khumbula!
Isithethantonye ligama elithetha into enye nelinye igama. 

Isichasi ligama elinentsingiselo echasene nenye.

Esezela: ephumfumla 

Khumbula!
Xa ubhala qinisekisa ukuba ulandela le migaqo:  

  • Ukucwangcisa/phambi kokubhala  
  • Ukuyila/ukwenza iidrafti  
  • Ukuhlaziya  
  • Ukuhlela  
  • Ukulungisa iziphene  
  • Nokunikezela 

Khumbula!
Khumbula ukususa isikhamiso sesibizo esilandelayo isimelabizo sokwalathisa. 

Lo mntwana / loo mntwana / laa mntwana 

Khumbula!
Xa ubhala qinisekisa ukuba ulandela le migaqo:  

  • Ukucwangcisa/phambi kokubhala  
  • Ukuyila/ukwenza iidrafti  
  • Ukuhlaziya  
  • Ukuhlela  
  • Ukulungisa iziphene   
  • Nokunikezela 

Khumbula! (Remember!)

Remember that ‘ma’ is always followed by verb ending in ‘e’

Khumbula! (Remember!)

Remember that udyakalashe is class 1a but inkamela is in class 9

Khumbula! (Remember!)

‘Umfama’ is the farmer (the person) and ‘ifamu’ is the farm (the place)

Khumbula! (Remember!)

Remember that when using applied extension is when you doing ‘to’ or ‘for’

Khumbula! (Remember!)

Remember to use ‘kwa’ after postion words

Khumbula! (Remember!)

Remember that ‘na’ with pronoun replaces a noun

Khumbula! (Remember!)

Remember to use two addresses in a formal letter

Khumbula! (Remember!)

Remember that absolute pronouns do not replace subject concords

Khumbula! (Remember!)

Remember to write a diary in the 1st person or 3rd person

Khumbula! (Remember!)

Remember to put ‘yi’ infront of all monosyllabic verbs

Khumbula! (Remember!)

Remember that the word ‘isibingeleli’ is a noun for a greeting but ‘bulisa’ is greet

Khumbula! (Remember!)

Remember that the past tense of the irregular verb is also ‘anga’ but from the original present tense word

Khumbula! (Remember!)

Remember ‘ifama’ and ‘ipulazi’ are synnonyms meaning a farm and they are both borrowed words from English and Afrikaans

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)

If the person who possesses (something or somebody)
is a noun in noun class 1a ‘ka’ is used ‘ka’ is used when something or somebody in noun class 9 is possessed.

Izibonelo:
Isitolo sikababa (dad’s shop)
Ipentshisi likasisi (sister’s peach)
imoto kaNomsa (Nomsa’s car)

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)

The word ‘isaladi’ is a borrowed word from the English word ‘salad’.

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)

The word ‘Ekhemisi’ (at the chemist) could be replaced with ‘ikhemisi’ – these two words have the same meaning when translated into English.

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)

‘kwadokotela’ translated into English is ‘to the doctor’
‘kwadokotela’ translated into English is ‘at the doctor’

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)

Although the noun ‘Iso’ is a noun in noun class 5, the plural is not ‘amahlo’ but ‘amehlo’.

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)

The word ‘duzane’ (close by) is often followed by ‘na’.
Izsibonelo: USipho uhlala eduze nekhemisi (Sipho stays close to the chemist.)

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)

The ‘wami’ in ‘uthishelakazi wami’ is a possessive (ubunini) and is formed by making use of the possessive link of class 1 and 1a (wa) added to ‘m’. It has the meaning ‘mine’ or directly translated ‘of mine’.

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)

Although the adjective link for the following word is ‘ezin’ it changes to ‘ezim’ when a noun in noun class 9 or 10 is described.
Isibonelo: Amatafula amabi (ugly tables)

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)

The isiZulu word ‘mahala’ is used when you get something for free.

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)

The word isikhangiso is a compound noun formed by combining the two nouns ‘isikhangiso’ (advertisement) and ‘dayisa’ (sale).

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)

That the word ‘khumbula’ can be ‘remember’ or ‘miss, ie. I miss you’

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)
If a noun in noun class 9 or 10 is desbribed and the adjective stem starts with a ‘b’, insert ‘m’ as follows: 

Amatheyiphu amabili ezimbini (two taps) 

Izingadi ezimbili (two gardens)

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)

‘Itafula’ is an isiZulu word borrowed from an Afrikaans word ‘tafel’.

Uthi bewazi? (Did you know?)
Let’s learn some borrowed words used so far:

imali (money) 

ebhange (at the bank) 

irenti (rent) 

amaswidi (sweets)

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)

The word for Tuesday is ‘uLwesibili’. ‘bili’ has the meaning ‘two’ and therefore refers to the second day of the week.

Ubusazi? (Did you know?)

IsiXhosa names and surnames play a significant role in the isiXhosa culture. Names are very descriptive and carry significant meanings. Some interesting examples are: uNobubele (the friendly, giving person), uNomvuyo (the happy person), uMonwabisi (the one who brings happiness), uSiyabulela (We are grateful.), uLwazi (the knowledgeable person) and uSipho (the gift).

Ubusazi na? (Did you know?)
Borrowed words such as ‘iposi’ (post office) and ‘irestyu’ (restaurant) are borrowed from other languages such as Afrikaans and English. 

Khumbula! (Remember!)
Inserting ‘sa’ changes the meaning of a verb construction completely.
Umzekelo: Ndisahlala ekhaya. (I am still staying at home.)

Khumbula! (Remember!)
Some adverbs of place are also known as locatives as these words indicate place. In isiXhosa these words are known as ‘izalathandawo’.

Remember! (Khumbula!)

If you speak to somebody directly the initial vowel is omitted.

Umzekelo (Example):

Tata, ndiyakuthanda. (Father, I love you.)

likaThemba: of Themba
kumnandi ukuba lapha: it is wonderful being here
umbhede kasisi: it is my sister’s bed
izimpahla zakho: your clothes
yiwodrophu kaThandeka: it is Thandeka’s wardrobe
izingubo ezimbili: two blankets
ingubo kathandeka: Thandeka’s blanket
izipili ezibili: two mirrors
isipili sikaThandeka: Thandeka’s mirror
idesika kasisi wam: it is my sister’s desk
ingubo kaThandeka: it is Thandeka’s blanket
kufuneka ngigoduke manje: I must go home now
kaThandeka: of Thandeka
imibhede: beds
linamadesika: it has desks
ewodrophini: in the wardrobe
isibuko: mirror

Fundani la magama (Learn these words)

phi: where
njani: how
nabani: with whom
bonwabile: they are happy
abantwana ababini: two children
masiye: let us go

if ‘ma-‘ is used as in the example above, the verb is in the subjunctive mood and therefore ends in ‘e’.

Amagama emboleko (Borrowed words)

IIbhola: ball
isambrela: umbrella
netawuli: and a towel
itawuli: towel
ndiyathemba: I hope
namhlanje: today
iholide yethu: our holiday
elwandle: at the sea
nabahlobo: with friends
siza kudada: we will swim
amanzi ayabanda: water is cold
siza kutya: we will eat
namanzi abandayo: and cold water
umzukulwana: grandchild

In the negative form of the recent past tense the noun following ‘anga’ will not be used with its initial vowel(s).

Umz., Izolo andisenganga nkomo. (Yesterday I was not milking the cow.)

Ubusazi na?
UMzantsi Afrika ngomnye wawona mazwe ahamba phambili ngobundlobongela obubhekisele komama nasebantwaneni 

Ubusazi NA?
Akukho nanye ihagu eyake yazalwa iyodwa. Zizalwa ziliqela. 

Ubusazi na? (Did you know)
The word ‘uneevenkile’ is formed as follows: 

u (he or she) + na (has or have) + iivenkile (shops) 

= uneevenkile (she or he has shops) 

The prefix ‘ii’ of the word ‘iivenkile’ joins with the ‘a’ of ‘na’ and changes to the ‘ee’.

Umlando: History 
Isayensi: Science 
Ungabafunzi: Don’t feed them 
Izimfene: Baboons 
Kwakufanele: It was necessary 
Ngemuva kwesikhashana: Afrter a while 
Fika: Arrive 
Indawo: Place 
Misa: stop 
Imisinga: currents 
Hlangana: meet 
Yosiwe: braaid 
Imfundiso: a lesson 

izitolo (shops)
unezitolo (she has shops)
fana (similar)
ezifana nesuphamakethe (like a supermarket)
kulesi sitolo (in this shop)
kuthengiswa (there are sold)
ukudla nezimpahla (food and clothes)
izitolo ezimbili (two shops)
abantu bathanda (the people like)
ngoba (because)
lezi zitolo zihle kakhulu (these are beautiful shops)
esinye isitolo (one shop)
nesinye isitolo (and another)
ngempela sonto (during the weekend)
ngithanda (I like)
ukusizaa (to help)
izitolo zakhe (in her shops)
ngenani (enter all of you)
hambani kahle (go well all of you)
sebenzani kahle (work well all of you)

Let’s focus on nouns in the noun classes 1, 1a, 2 and 2b:
umzali (parent) – noun class 1
abazali (parents) – noun class 2
umntwana (child) – noun class 1
abantwana (children) – noun class 2
uNomsa (Nomsa) – noun class 1a
oNomsa (Nomsa and company) – noun class 2b
ubaba (father) – noun class 1a
obaba (fathers) – noun class 2b
umama (mother) – noun class 1a
omama (mothers) – noun class 2b

Weta: waiter
Amantombazane: girls
Abafana: boys
Nabo: with them
Uku-oda: to order
Iwayini emhlophe: white wine
Iwayini ebomvu: red wine
Abangabhemi: non smoking
Ababhemayo: smoking
Ohlangothini: side
Ngilandeleni: follow me all of you
Ngilandele: follow me
Senikulungele uku-oda?: Are you (all) ready to order?
Bayashesha: they are quick
Eduze kwefasitela: near the window
Imenyu: menu
Uhlu lokudla: list of food/ food menu
Uhlu lweziphuzo: list of drinks/ wine menu
Nibangaki?: How many are you?
Ngaki?: how many?
Sibane: we are 4

Umndeni: family
Emfuleni: to or at the river
Ya: to go
Ngoba: because
kumnandi: it is pleasant
Isimo sezulu: the weather
Ehlobo: during summer
Ngiyathemba ukuthi: I hope that
Ikilasi lethu leJografi: our Geography class
Phakamisa: to pick up
Amaphepha: papers
Kuncolile: it is dirty
Ngcolisa: pollute

Izimpendulo: answers 

Izincwadi zenu: your books 

Ezincwadini: in your books 

Hambani: go 

Ehhovisi likaThishomkhulu: headmaster’s office 

Khanyisa: switch on 

Izibani: the lights 

Ikilasi: classroom 
Amakilasi: classrooms 
Ekilasini: in the classroom 
Ideski: desk 
Amadeski: desks 
Edeskini: on the desks 
Isikole: school 
Izikolo: schools 
Esikoleni: at the school 

Bona: see 

Vakasha visit 

Vakashela:tour 

Izifundazwe: provinces 

Izihlahla: forests 

ngifuna ukukubonisa: I want to show you
lezi ndawo: these places
Iseduze neKapa: it is close to Cape Town
ngijahile: I am in a hurry
ngiyabonga: I thank you
singagibela: we can ride
ehhotela: at the hotel
iKapa ikude neKomani: Cape Town is far from Komani
kuzoba mnandi: it will be nice

Ngiyabonga: thank you 
wozani: come here (plural command) 
Masihambeni: let us go 
Eshede: to the shed 
Ukusenga: to milk 
Usifundise: you teach us 
Kufanele: must 
Thina: as for us 
Asikwazi: we can not 
Ngizo nifundisa: I will teach you 
Ufuna ukwenza: she wants to make 
Uphuthu: porridge 
Izinto eziningi: many things 
Kumnandi: it is nice 
Ukunifundisa: to teach you 
Zonke lezi zinto: all these things 
Sinomsebenzi: we have work 

Engadini: in the garden
Le ngadi: this garden 
Ngase muva: at the back 
Ukunisela: to water 
Utshani oluhlaza: green grass 
Izimbali ezibomvu: red flowers 
Ukulekelela: to help 
Eceleni kwendlu: at the side of the house 
Ukuhlobisa: to decorate 
Ngicela ungiphe: please give me 
Ifosholo: a spade 
Nali ifosholo: here is a spade 
Sebenzani: work together 
kule ngadi: in this garden 
Kumnandi: it is nice 
Bangadla: they can eat 

ENgadini: in the garden

Ifosholo: spade

Siza: assist

Imbewu: seeds

Ukuhlakula: to prune / the pruning

Amarozi: roses

Nisela: water (verb)

IJuba: dove
Kwasuka sukela: once apon a time there was a story
Ngelinye ilanga: one day
Zingela: hunt
Amatshwele: chicks
Lathuka iJuba: the dove was scared
Memeza: shout
Nobani: with whom
Phosa: throw
Uyisilima: you are stupid
Uyinja: you are a dog
Baleka: run
Hambe khaya: go home

Amakhilomitha (kilometres) – ikhilomitha igama elisuselwa olimini lwesiNgisi elisho ibanga elingalinganiselwa kumamitha ayi-1000. 

Amamitha (metres) – imitha igama elisuselwa olimini lwesiNgisi elisho ibangana elingalinganiselwa kumasentimitha (centimetres) ayi-100 noma egxathini elilodwa lomuntu omdala. 

inkampu yezilwanyana: game reserve

tyelela:visit

eziphi?: which

zonke: all

mandikushiye: let me leave you

ngeli xesha: at this time

Thandathu: six
Ibhayibhile: bible
Thandaza: pray
Umthandazo: a prayer
Umfundisi: the pastor
Abakhonzi: church members
Ibandla: congregation
Kangaka: so much
Ilizwi: a voice
Izono: sins
Ibandla: congregation

Insangu: marijuana

Ceba:plan/ing
Iindawo: places
Esikhululweni senqwelo moya: At the airport
Umlungiseleli hambo: travel agent
Nceda: help
Ndingakunceda?: Can I help you?
Buza: ask
Inqwelomoya: an airoplane
Isaphulelo: a discount
Inyanga: month/moon
Imephu: map

Udyakalashe: the jackal
Inkamela: the camel
Amazele eswekile: sugar cane
Umlambo: the river
Emlanjeni: in the river
Intsimi: field
Khwela: climb
Emqolo: on back
Xhela: slaughter
Ngeli xesha: at this time
Beleka: carry on back
Phesheya komlambo: across the river

siya ecaweni: we go to church
inkonzo: the church service
qala: start
masivuse umntwana wethu: lets wake our child
ndiza kumvusa: I will wake her/him
ndiyakubulela: I thank you
ndiyavuya: I am happy
ukuva: to hear
kuba: because
andifuni sidudu: I do not want porridge
andilambanga: I am not hungry
emva kwetutyana: after a while
khawulezani: hurry up
ngoku: now

andiphilanga: I am not fine
ndinentloko: I have a headache
qala: start
ekuseni: in the morning
unengqele: he or she has a cold
kufuneka usele: you must drink
iipilisi: pills
iipilisi ezimbini kathathu ngemini: two pills three times a day
kwisibhedlele: at the hospital
kwikhemesti: at the chemist

isibhengezo-ntengiso: advertisement
ivenkile yeebhayisekile: bicycle shop
yizani kule venkile: all of you come to this shop
iivenkile ziakwaGame: shops of Game
ezi venkile: these shops
ekuseni: in the morning
ngokuhlwa: during the evening
zitshiphu: they are cheap
walala wasala: if you snooze you loose
iwotshi: a watch
mahala: for free

Ngokuhlwa: evening  

Ukuxhwila: kidnap 

Ukwaphula umthetho: to break the law 

Icebo: plan 

Ilaphu: cloth 

Isicithi: bush 

Isithunzela: ghost 

Nina: mother 

Yise: father 

Nceda: help 

Kwakha: build 

Zinti: sticks 

Vuthela: to blow 

Umvolufu: wolf 

Sweleka: to die 

namhlanje: today  

ngomso: tomorrow 

ngempelaveki: during the weekend 

elwandle: at/to the beach 

kulungile: it is fine 

Let’s focus on nouns in the noun classes 1, 1a, 2 and  

2b: 

umzali (parent) – noun class 1    

abazali (parents) – noun class 2  

umntwana (child) – noun class 1 

abantwana (children) – noun class 2  

uNomsa (Nomsa) – noun class 1a 

ooNomsa (Nomsa and company) – noun class 2b 

utata (father) – noun class 1a  

ootata (fathers) – noun class 2b 

umama (mother) – noun class 1a 

oomama (mothers) – noun class 2b 

Imvula: rain 

Imilambo: rivers 

Indalo: nature 

Izityalo: plants 

Ingobozi – Basket  

Umngxunya – Hole  

Ulila – to cry 

Umvundla – Rabbit 

Sishwabane – To shrink  

Ikati: Cat 

Ivumba: scent  

Ukubhubha: to die 

Itshantliziyo: activist 

Bhiyoza: celebrate  

Ikumkanikazi: queen 

Imvumi: singer 

Uqoqosho: economy 

Isinye: Singular 

Isininzi: Plural  

Isixeko: City 

Masipala: Municipality  

Indalo: Nature 

Mzabalazo: Struggle 

Ndwendwela: Visit 

Amahlelo: Noun Classes 

Isinye: Singular 

Isininzi: Plural 

Umfama – Farmer 

Ukuxhela – To slaughter  

Wayebaxabisile – Valued them 

Mbalela – Drought  

Eyintanda – Dearly loved 

Ukusenga – To milk 

Yamkhathaza – it troubled him 

Izithako: ingredients  

Izixhobo: utensils 

Imiyalelo: instructions 

Ukubilisa: to boil 

Zamisa: stir 

Ungumkhuseli: protector  

Ngonaphakade: forever 

Kwamhlamnene: long time ago 

Inja – Dog 

Amathambo – Bones 

Ukudlala – To play 

Ukujula – To throw 

Ibala – Field  

Qengqeleka – Rolled 

Ihlathi – Forest  

Iphimpi – Cobra 

Amagwebu – Foam

ithanga: pumpkin
amathanga: pumpkins
umfino: wild spinach
imifino: (wild spinaches)
isithelo (fruit)
izithelo (fruits)
Inyama yangaphakathi: tripe

abantwana: children
ukudla: food
ushukela: sugar
ifriji: fridge
isitofu: stove
ushizi: cheese
inkukhu: chicken
imifino:vegetables
izithelo:fruits
ubhontshisi nesitambu: samp and beans
amagwinya: vetkoek

ukungena: to enter
ukungangeni: not to enter

umndeni: family
ingane: baby
umntwana: child
Indodana: son
abazali: parents
ikhaya: home
igumbi lokudla: dining room

Khumbula: long for / miss 

Gogo: grandmother 

uMkhulu: grandfather 

Ngiyakubhalela: I am writing you 

Le ncwadi: this letter 

Kumnandi: it is pleasant 

Bekumnandi: it was pleasant 

Izihlahla: trees
Imifula: rivers
Imililo: fires
Amazwe: countries
izithelo: fruits
Imindeni: families
Izincwadi: books
Ukuvakashela: to tour
Amazwe Amahle: beautiful countries
Izihlahla eziningi: many trees
INtshona-Koloni: Western Cape

siya esontweni: we go to church
inkonzo: the church service
qala: start
masivuse umntwana wethu: lets wake our child
ngizomvusa: I will wake her/him
ngiyabonga: I thank you
ngiyajabula: I am happy
ukuzwa: to hear
ngoba: (because)
angifuni iphalishi: I do not want porridge
angilambanga: I am not hungry
emuva kwemizuzwana: after a while
shesha: hurry up
manje: now

thengela: buy for
culela: sing for
vulela: open for
thandazela: pray for

ngiyamulekelela: I am helping her/him 

uyabavusa: he is waking them (referring to the children) 

uyasiphekela: she is cooking it (referring to the porridge) 

uyasifuna: she/he wants it (referring to the chair) 

bayazifuna: they want it (referring to the chairs) 

umndeni uyazingenisa: (the family is bringing it in – referring to the chairs) 

siyayigibela imoto: (we are getting into it, the car) 

ngemoto: by car
imoto eluhlaza: green car
usuku olushisayo: it is a hot day
kukhona: there are
ama tafula abanzi: broad tables
uyangithengela: she buys me
isigqoko esishibile: a cheap hat
amahembe abizayo: expensive shirts
izingubo ezibomvu: red dresses
wusuku olumnandi: it is a wonderful day

siya esontweni: we go to church 

ngabantu abanomusa: they are friendly people  

ngumuntu onobuntu: it is a person with humanity 

Kusihlwa: it is late 

ngihlangane: I have met 

sisengadini: we are in the garden
amathanga namabhontshisi: pumpkins and beans
uyasicela: she asks us
ukha: to pick
ifamu ikude nedolobha: the farm is far from town
nezitolo ezithengisa: and the shops that sell
kumnandi: it is pleasant
kule famu: on this farm
kodwa: but
ukhetha ukumulekelela: he chooses to help
basiphekela: they cook for us
ukudla okumnandi: Nice food
njengenyama: like meat
ekuseni: in the morning
Iphalishi: porridge
Sigubha: we celebrate
Ukhisimuzi: Christmas
Ngale nkathi yonyaka: during this time of the year
Inkathi yoxolo: it is a time of peace

UGogo wami: my grandmother

Uthanda ukupheka: likes to cook

Funa ukupheka: wants to cook

Umndeni wami: my family

Siza: assist

Inja – Dog 

Amathambo – Bones 

Ukudlala – To play 

Ukujula – To throw 

Ibala – Field  

Qengqeleka – Rolled 

Ihlathi – Forest  

Iphimpi – Cobra 

Amagwebu – Foam  

Cacisa: explain

Bhukisha: book (verb)

Pheka: cook

Qhuba: drive

Khumbula! (Remember!)
Remember if you speak to somebody directly you drop the initial vowel of that person’s name 

Example: ‘Sawubona Celiwe’!  

and not ‘Sawubona uCeliwe’! 

khumbula! (Remember!)
Remember that emphatic pronouns do not replace the subject concord

Khumbula!

Kunezithelo nezitshalo ongazidla zikuqede ukoma uma ungenawo amanzi ngoba zinamanzi amaningi. Izithelo ezifana nokhukhamba onamanzi alinganiselwa kumaphesenti angama – 96, ikhabe elinamanzi alinganiselwa kumaphesenti angama – 92 kanye nezinye ezifana namagilebhisi.

Khumbula!
Isiqu nomsuka izingxenye zegama ezicishe zifane kodwa azifani, ngoba isiqu ingxenye evela uma sekususwe isiqalo nesijobelelo kanti umsuka wona ileyo ngxenye igama elisuselwa kuyo engaguquki. 

Khumbula!
Ziyisikhombisa izindlela zesenzo esiZulwini. Kukhona indlela eqondile, esabizo, ephoqayo, eyamandla, encikile, eyesimo kanye neyenhloso. 

Khumbula!
Sebenzisa amazinga okushisa ngendlela oyalelwe ngayo ukuze okuphekwayo kuphekeke kahle. 

Qaphela!

Isitofu noma umlilo unobungozi.  Ngakho-ke, cela usizo ebantwini abadala ukuze bakukhombise indlela yokuvula amazinga okushisa ngendlela efanele. 

Khumbula!
Kubalulekile ukubhala imizamo eyahlukene.  Lokhu kusiza wena mfundi ukuba ufundisise umbhalo wakho bese ulungisa amaphutha. 

Khumbula!
Isiqalo yingxenye esekuqaleni kwebizo. Qaphela ukuthi kunezinye izakhi ezibizwa ngokuthi ‘iziphongozo’. Iziphongozo ziyizakhi ezitholakala ekuqaleni kwamanye amagama. Kungaba izenzo, iziphawuzo, ondaweni njalonjalo. 

Khumbula!
Kunomehluko phakathi kukamenzi nesenzo.

Umenzi uyibizo, elingaba inhloko yomusho.

Isenzo sisithela lokhu okwenziwa umenzi (usobiso).

Khumbula!
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela isibikezelo sezulu sansuku zonke.  Lokhu kungakusiza ukuba uzilungiselele kahle izimpahla ezifanele uma unohambo. Njengokuthi uma kuzona imvula, kungadingeka uzihlinzeke ngesambulela ukuze uzivikele emvuleni lapho ubuya esikoleni. 

Khumbula!
Inoveli iwumbhalo wobuciko osungulwa umbhali othile. Lo mbhalo usuke ungancikile kweminye imibhalo. 

Khumbula!
Sebenzisa izikalo ezifanele njengoba uyaleliwe ukuze umbhako kumbe okuphekayo kube nomphumela olindelekile.  Ungeqisi futhi unganciphisi. 

Gada izinga lomlilo okufanele kuphekwe ngawo ukuze okuphekwayo kungashi kumbe kwenyele kungakalungi. 

Ubusazi? (Did you know?)
The following words have the prefixes ‘isi’ (noun class 7) with their plurals in noun class 8 (prefixes are ‘izi’)

Imizekelo (Examples):

isimemo > izimemo (invitation/invitations)

isitulo> isitulo (chair/chairs)

isikolo/izikolo (school/schools)

Khumbula! (Remember!)

Remember to merge vowels when a noun is added to ‘na’

Khumbula! (Remember!)

O.C. stands for object concord

Phakathi: between
Umfundi omtsha: A new learner
Ngubani lo?: who is thi?
Lo ngu…: This is …
Hlala: stay/live/sit
Ifani: surname
Khupha: take out
Ndawoni?: where about/ where exactly
Kopani: copy (all of you)
Umsebenzi wesikolo: class work
Ngomso: tomorrow
Ndiyavuya ukukwazi: I am happy to know you
Sobonana: we will seee each other or until we meet again
Sala kakuhle: stay well
Fundisa: teach

Khumbula! (Remember!)

‘hambani’ and ‘hamba’ are used in plural and singular commands.

Khumbula! (Remember!)

Remember to put the subject concord before ‘s’ and a locative after

Khumbula! (Remember!)

Remember the S.C. (subject concord) of class 11 is ‘lu’.

Khumbula! (Remember!)

Any noun that starts with ‘ii’ their subject concord is zi ie. iiweyitala ziyakhawuleza.

Khumbula! (Remember!)

Remember relative clause consists of verbs only

Khumbula! (Remember!)

Remember the noun does not drop the initial vowel if the demonstrative is before the noun ie. iintombi ezi

Khumbula! (Remember!)

a+a =a, a+i=e, a+ii=ee, a+u=o, a+oo=oo.

Khumbula! (Remember!)

Remember to keep the initial vowel on predicative use of adjectives when describing nouns in class 9 ie. ilokhwe intle

Khumbula! (Remember!)

Weak class is when the S.C. (suject concord) is just a vowel and strong class is when the S.C. has a consonant in it.

Khumbula! (Remember!)

The verbal suffix ‘ela’ could mean ‘to’ or ‘for’ ie. Ndibhalela umyeni wam ( I am writing to my husband), Ndiphekela umfazi wam (I am cooking for my wife.)

Khumbula! (Remember!)

Remember the adjectives comes after the noun they describing.

Khumbula! (Remember!)

Remember the plural of the noun ‘unovenkile’ is oonovenkile

Khumbula! (Remember!)

Remember the word -nxiba means wear/put on and isinxibo is its noun, dada means swim therefore the literal meaning of the word isinxibo sokudada is the costume of swimming, which is the swimming costume.

Khumbula! (Remember!)

The subject verb link of the noun usapho is lu.

Khumbula! (Remember!)

Remember to change the first vowel when dealing with locatives.

Khumbula! (Remember!)

Remember that we use locatives on nouns only not on verbs.

Khumbula! (Remember!)

Remember that copulatives are on nouns

Khumbula! (Remember!)

Remember the word ‘dubula’ could mean shoot or sprout

Khumbula! (Remember!)

Remember that the plural of ‘umsebenzi(work)’ is ‘imisebenzi’ but ‘umsebenzi (a worker)’ is ‘abasebenzi’

Khumbula! (Remember!)

Remember the word bamba can mean hold or catch

Khumbula! (Remember!)

Remember isela is a thief but isele is a frog

Khumbula! (Remember!)

Remember to insert suffix ‘iwa’ on one syllable verbs in passive

Khumbula! (Remember!)

Remember the word ‘kakhulu’ means very or a lot

Khumbula! (Remember!)

Remember that ‘za’ is one syllable and means ‘come’

Khumbula! (Remember!)

Remember the plural of ‘umfundisi’ is ‘abefundisi’ not ‘abafundisi’ as it should

Khumbula! (Remember!)

Remember the word ‘amafutha elanga’ is a possessive meaning ‘cream of the sun’ or ‘suntan lotion’

Khumbula! (Remember!)
Shushu is the word for hot and you can put any subject concord before it ie. imozulu ishushu (the weather is hot)

Khumbula! (Remember!)

Remember that ‘na’ with pronoun replaces a noun 

khumbula! (remember!)

Remember that absolute pronouns do not replace subject concords

khumbula! (remember!)

Remember that the word ‘ndiyakukhumbula’ can mean ‘I remember you’ or ‘I miss you’

khumbula! (Remember!)

Remember that when using applied extension is when you doing ‘to’ or ‘for’

khumbula! (remember!)

Remember to add vowels together when a noun is added to ‘na’

Khumbula! (Remember!)

Remember that the locative of isikhululo senqwelomoya is esikhululweni senqwelomoya

Khumbula! (Remember!)

Remember that the word ‘sa’ is to take something/someone from one place to another whereas ‘thatha’ is take similar to pick up ie Ndithatha ukutya kwam etafileni ( I take my food from the table)

Khumbula! (Remember!)

Remember to use ‘kwa’ after postion words

khumbula! (remember!)

Remember to put ‘yi’ infront of all monosyllabic verb

khumbula! (Remember!)

Remember that the past tense of the irregular verb is also ‘anga’ but from the original present tense word

Umphathi: manager
Abasebenzi: workers
Isivuno: harvest
Imfuyo: livestock
Iharika: rake
Amawele: twins
Nyuka:increase/ go up
-anda: enlarge/increase
Iigusha: sheep
Khonkotha: barks
Imivuzo-salaries
Kakhulu: very/ a lot
Bulela: thankful/grateful

Khumbula! (Remember!)

Remember ‘ifama’ and ‘iplasi’ are synnonyms meaning a farm and they are both borrowed words from English and Afrikaans

khumbula! (remember!)
Remember that udyakalashe is class 1a but inkamela is in class 9

Khumbula! (Remember!)

Remember to use two addresses in a formal letter

Khumbula! (Remember!)

Remember that when using ‘nga’ as can the S.C. from class 1/1a changes from ‘u’ to ‘a’

khumbula! (Remember!)
Remember that ‘ma’ is always followed by verb ending in ‘e’

khumbula! (remember!)
‘Umfama’ is the farmer (the person) and ‘ifama’ is the farm (the place)

Khumbula! (Remember!)

‘ivenkile’ is a borrowed word from the Afrikaans word ‘winkel’ (shop).

khumbula! (Remember!)

‘iMonti’ is the town East London.

Khumbula! (Remember!)

‘igumbi lokulala’ is the bedroom and ‘igumbi lokuhlala’ the living room.

khumbula! (remember!)
After ‘kufuneka’ the verb ends in ‘e’.

Umzekelo (Example): Kufuneka ndihambe ngoku. (I must walk now.)

khumbula! (Remember!)
The verb ‘fumana’ the meaning ‘receive’ or ‘get’.

Khumbula! (Remember!)

The noun ‘umakhulu’ is a noun in noun class 1a with the subject-verb link ‘u’.

khumbula! (remember!)

yakhe’is a possessive formed making use of the possessive link ‘ya’ and ‘khe’ (hers or his).

khumbula! (remember!)

After the conjunctive ‘xa’ the subject-verb link for noun class 2 is ‘be’.

Khumbula! (Remember!)
If you start a sentence with somebody’s name, the initial vowel ‘u’ is a capital letter and the letter the name starts with is also written with capital letter.

Umzekelo: UThandeka ebeya eKapa ngeholide.

Khumbula! (Remember!)
If ‘ela’ is added to the verb ‘bhala’ the meaning changes completely.

Umzekelo: Ndibhalela umakhulu ileta. (I write to grandmother a letter.)

Remember! (Khumbula!)

The plural of ‘isixeko’ is ‘izixeko’.

Remember! (Khumbula!)

In the word ‘enkulu’ in ‘ingozi enkulu’ the ‘h’ of ‘khulu’ is omitted. The reason being that a noun in noun class 9 is described.

Ubusazi? (Did you know?)
Certain nouns take ‘ii’ prefixed to the noun in the plural form.

Examples:

‘iindlulamthi’ (giraffes)

‘iingwenya’ (crocodiles)

Ubusazi? (Did you know?)

Please note that the word for zebra is

‘iqwarhashe’ and is pronounced as follows: ‘iqwarhashe’ (the ‘rh’ is the same sound as the ‘g’ in Afrikaans (in the word ‘gegee’ and is often followed by an ‘h’.

(Listen to the audio in Quiz 1 once again practicing pronouncing the word ‘iqwarhashe’)

Please note that in the ‘intsomi’ (the story) the animals are named as proper nouns using all subject-verb links of noun class 1(a)

Imizekelo: uQwarhashe noNkawu baya epatini.

(Zebra and monkey went to the party.)

umkhombe: rhinocerus
indlulamthi: giraffe
inyathi: buffalo
ingwenya: crocodile
indlovu: elephant
imvubu: hippo
inkawu: monkey
uqwarhashe: zebra
impunzi: buck
ukudanisa kunye: to dance together
watsho umkhombe ecaphuka: said the rhinoceros while upset
enomsindo: while angry
epatini: to the party
wacinga icebo: he thought of a plan
izinti nezityalo: sticks and plants
ngokukhawuleza: quickly
zonke izilwanyana: all the animals
ezineempondo: who have horns
ngesiquphe: suddenly
ipati yamiswa ngxi: the party was brought to a standstill
phumani: leave
ndikhumbula: I miss
zavunyelwa: they (the animals) were allowed
yabamnandi: it had been great

Ubusazi? (Did you know?)
An ‘intsomi’ is a traditional story written and told (often by the elderly to grandchildren) carrying a moral lesson. In this story wild animals such as elephants, zebras and rhinoceros are involved.

namhlanje (today)
ndiza kuthetha (I will speak)
ngokubaluleka kwemidlalo (about the importance of sport)
nindiboleke iindlebe (please listen; lend me your ears)
ngento ebalulekileyo (something important
imidlalo eyahlukineyo (different sport)
njengehoki (like hockey)
okokuqala (firstly)
okwesibini (secondly)
kufuneka bakhethe (they must choose)
ukutya okunempilo (healthy food)
ekukwenzeni womelele (in the making strong)
siphucule impilo yethu (we improve our health)
iiglasi ezintlanu (five glasses)
ngemini enye (per day)
impilo entle (good health)
ndiyanibulisa (I greet you)
uvuna okulimileyo (you reap what you sow)

Ubusazi? (Did you know?)
‘mbalwa’(a few) is a Relative stem and was used as follows in Loyiso’s speech:

abafundi abambalwa

(a few pupils)

Relative link or concord for noun class 2 = aba

aba+mbalwa

kushushu kakhulu ngeli xesha lonyaka (it is very hot during this time of year)
namantombazana (and the girls)
ukugcakamela elangeni (to bask in the sun)
bathi dyumbu (this is an ideophone referring to the sound it makes when the girls drop or jump into the water)
ukubakhusela (to protect them)
bathenga iinkuni ukubasa imililo (they buy wood to make fires)
ngaphakathi kwezindlu (inside the houses)
maxa wambi (sometimes)
ikhephu (snow)
imvula iyadyudyuza (the rain falls continuously)
kunzima (it is difficult)
nomoya uyahlaba (and the wind stabs)
ihlobo (summer)
ehlotyeni (during summer)
ubusika (winter)
ebusika (during winter)
iijezi ezimbini (two jerseys)
ukuhlala emlilweni (to sit at the fire)
kushushu (it is hot)
kuyabanda (it is cold)

Ubusazi? (Did you know?)
Note that if the sentence starts with somebody’s name both the initial vowel and the letter the name starts with are written in capital letters.

Umzekelo (Example)

UThandeka uya elwandle. (Thandeka goes to the beach.)

Ubusazi? (Did you know?)
The ‘nga’ used in ‘bangaya’ (question 3 a.) has the English meaning ‘can’ or ‘may’.

= ‘bangaya’ (they can/may go)

nqununu: headmaster
namhlanje: today
umnumzana: sir
ungahlala: you may sit
ndifumene: I received
isicelo sakho: your application
ndinemibuzo: I have questions
kulungile: it is fine
owuphi umdlalo: which sport
eziphi izifundo: which subjects
isicelo sakho: your application
wamkelwa ndim: is accepted by me
wamkelekile: welcome
ndiyavuya: I am happy
ndiyakuthembisa: I promise you
ukuze ndiphumelele: so that I succeed

Ubusazi? (Did you know?)

The word ‘kufuneka’ is used when you would like to express necessity or that something must be done.

Masifunde le mizekelo! (Let’s read the following examples!)

a.Kufuneka sifunde kakuhle esikolweni. (We must work hard at school.)

b.Kufuneka ndifunde kakuhle iincwadi zam. (I must read my books well.)

c.Kufuneka abafundi badlale imidlalo esikolweni. (Pupils must play sport at school.)

d.Kufuneka umfundi adlale umdlalo esikolweni. (The pupil must play a sport at school.)

e.Kufuneka uThandeka athethe nenqununu. (Thandeka have to speak with the headmaster.)
Please note the following:

The verb following ‘kufuneka’ ends in ‘e’.

The subject verb link of the present tense is used and if the noun of class 1 or 1(a) is used with ‘kufuneka’ the subject verb link changes from ‘u’ to ‘a’. (See examples d. and e.)

Ubusazi? (Did you Know?)

  • The ‘ela’ verbal extension

When the ‘ela’ verbal extension is added to the verb the meaning of that verb changes completely.
Let’s see how adding ‘ela’ to verbs changes the meaning of verbs.

Imizekelo (Examples)

bhala (write)
bhalela (write to or write for)

(Remove the final vowel ‘a’ of the verb in the present tense replacing it with the verbal extension ‘ela’.)

More examples:

a. funda (read or study)
fundela (read to or for)

b. thenga (buy)
thengela (buy for)
Let’s use these verbs in sentences:

a. Ndibhalela umakhulu wam ileta. (I am writing to my grandmother a letter.)

b. Sifundela abantwana ileta. (We read to the children a letter.)

c. UThandeka ubhalela makhulu ileta. (Thandeka writes to grandmother a letter.)

Ubusazi? (Did you know?)
Please note that the object concord is used to put emphasis on the object.

In the sentence ‘Ndiyamkhumbula.’ The ‘m’ is the object concord with the English meaning of ‘him’ or ‘her’.

Use the ‘ya’ in the present tense if the object concord is used.

The sentence translates to: ‘I am longing for her or him.’

Also look at question 10and 11for more examples.

usapho lwam: my family
ukuya: to go
ukuthenga: to buy
ukutya: food
njengokutya: like food
amayeza: medicine
ukuthumela: to send to
endleleni: on the road/way
uyasibonisa: he or she shows us
iindawo ezininzi: many places
intle idolophu yethu: our town is beautiful
neepilisi: and pills
izifonyo: masks
phambi kwekhemesti: in front of the chemist
banobubele: they are friendly
emva koko: after that
ukulanda: to fetch
kude: is far
sigqibile: we are done/finish
kumnandi: it is great
ukuchitha: to spend
ikhemesti: chemist
ilondri: laundry
ivenkile: shop
ibhanki: bank

Ubusazi? (Did you know?)
Please note that the word ‘usapho’ is in noun class 11 and therefore takes the subject-verb link ‘lu’.

Imizekelo: (Examples)

Usapho luya (lu + ya) edolophini. (The family goes to town.)

Usapho luthenga (lu + thenga) amayeza ekhemesti. (The family buys medicine at the chemist.)

mema: invite
itheko: party
ethekweni: at the party
funa ukudada: want to swim
funa ukuya: want to go
sela: drink
tya: eat
liphi eli theko: where is this party
masiye ngebhasi: let’s go by bus
namhlanje: today
khumbula:remember
impahla yokudada: swimwear
emathekweni: to parties
ngakumbi: especially

Ubusazi? (Did you know?)
Borrowed words in isiXhosa are mainly borrowed from Afrikaans and English.

Imizekelo (Examples):

‘imali’ from the English word ‘money’.

‘ivenkile’ from the Afrikaans word ‘winkel’.

ubusazi? (did you know?)
If ‘nga’ is added to nouns it has the meaning ‘with’ in English.

Imizekelo (examples):

ngemali (with cash/money)

ngetyala (with dept)

ngekhadi lebhanki (with a bank card)

If the ‘a’of ‘nga’ merges with the initial vowel of the noun (in all three examples above it is an ‘i’), it changes to an ‘e’.

Wenza ntoni?: What do you do?)
imali: money
ngemali: with money
gcina: keep/save
inyanga: month
ngenyanga: per month
imali itsala inzala: money draws interest
hlawula: pay
iinkcitho: expenses
njengerente: like rent
indawo yokuhlala: place to stay
ukutya neempahla: food and clothes
zama: try
kufuneka uzame: must try
londoloza: save
ukulondoloza: to save
ngemali: cash
ngekhadi lebhanki: bank card
andigcini mali: I do not keep
kum: on me
ityala: dept
ngetyala: with dept
andinamali: I do not have money/cash
baninzi abantu: many people
abahlawula: who pay
bahlawula: they pay
zama: try
ukungathengi: not to buy
itsala inzala: it draws interest
inzala: interest
kungcono: it is better
bulela: thank
ndiyabulela: I thank
wena: as for you
mna: as for me

Khumbula! (Remember!)
‘uThandeka’ is a noun in noun class 1a with the ‘ng’ prefixed in the copulative (nguThandeka: it is Thandeka).

Khumbula! (Remember!)
‘khawu’ and ‘khani’ used in the singular and plural commands, make the commands or instructions friendlier – almost as if ‘please’ is used.

Khumbula! (Remember!)
The ‘hl’ in ‘hle’ changes to ‘tl’ if a noun in noun class 10 is described using an adjective.

Umzekelo: iindawo ezintle (beautiful places)

Ubusazi? (Did you know?)

If you speak to somebody directly or address somebody directly remember to omit the initial vowel as follows:

Umzekelo: Molo, makhulu. (not ‘Molo umakhulu’)

imithi: trees
imilambo: rivers
imililo: fires
amazwe: countries
iziqhamo: fruits
iintsapho: families
iincwadi: books
ukukhenketha: to tour
amazwe Amahle: beautiful countries
imithi emininzi: many trees
iNtshona-Koloni: Western Cape

Khumbula! (Remember!)
The noun ‘isiqhamo’ (prefix ‘isi’) is a noun in noun class 7 with the plural noun in noun class 8 ‘iziqhamo’ (prefix ‘izi’).

Khumbula! (Remember!)

‘yam’ is a possessive with the meaning ‘mine’.

Khumbula! (Remember!)
‘mna’ is used for emphasis and refers to the mother in the dialogue where she says ‘mna, ndiza kuqala’ (as for me, I will start) It is known as a pronoun. (isimelabizo soqobo)

Ubusazi? (Did you know?)

‘za’ and ‘ku’ indicates that the Future tense has been used.

Umzekelo: Siza kuya ecaweni. (We will go to church.)

Khumbula! (Remember!)
A verb in the present tense will in most cases end in ‘a’ except for verbs such as ‘thi’ and ‘azi’.

If the verbal extension ‘ana’ is added to the verb the meaning of ‘doing something together’ is expressed.

Umzekelo: Siyaculelana. (We are singing together.)

ngemoto: by car
imoto eluhlaza: green car
yimini eshushu: it is a hot day
kukho: there are
iitafile ezibanzi: broad tables
uyandithengela: she buys me
umnqwazi otshiphu: a cheap hat
iihempe ezidulu: expensive shirts
iilokhwe ezibomvu: red dresses
yimini emnandi: it is a wonderful day
izitulo ezitshiphu: cheap seats

‘imini’ (a day) used with the copulative ‘y’ (yimini) has the meaning ‘it is a day

Khumbula! (Remember!)
‘usapho’ is a noun in noun class 11 and the possessive link is ‘lwam’ (mine)

The ideophone (isifanekisozwi) ‘qho’ is used when you would like to indicate that something is done persistently.

Umz., Usapho lwam luya ecaweni qho. (My family always goes to church.)

Khumbula! (Remember!)

The nouns in noun class 15 are also regarded as infinitives, e.g., ukubaleka (to run).

enkosi: thank you
yizani: come here (plural command)
masiye: let us go
eshedini: to the shed
ukusenga: to milk
usifundise: you teach us
kufuneka: must
thina: as for us
asikwazi: we can not
ndiza kunifundisa: I will teach you
ufuna ukwenza: she wants to make
isidudu: porridge
izinto ezininzi: many things
kumnandi: it is nice
ukunifundisa: to teach you
zonke ezi zinto: all these things
sinomsebenzi: we have work

Khumbula! (Remember!)
‘yakho’ is a possessive with the meaning ‘‘your’.

The word ‘yizani’ is a plural command. (Come here both of you.)

sisegadini: we are in the garden
amathanga neembotyi: pumpkins and beans
uyasicela: she asks us
ukwakha: to pick
ifama ikude nedolophu: the farm is far from town
neevenkile ezithengisa: and the shops that sell
kumnandi: it is pleasant
kule fama: on this farm
kodwa: but
ukhetha ukuncedisa: he chooses to help
basiphekela: they cook for us
ukutya okumnandi
njengenyama: like meat
ekuseni: in the morning
umphokoqo: porridge
sibhiyozela: we celebrate
iKilisimesi: Christmas
ngeli xesha lonyaka: during this time of the year
lixesha elinoxolo: it is a time of peace

The word ‘nedolophu’ is formed by adding ‘na’ to the word ‘ídolophu’ (a+a=e)

Ubusazi? (Did you know?)

The word ‘kude’(far) is followed by ‘na’.

Umzekelo (Example: Ifama katatomkhulu ikude nedolophu.

(Grandfather’s farm is far from town.)

Khumbula! (Remember!)
‘wam’ is the possessive for noun class 1 and 1a.

Umzekelo: utatomkhulu wam (my grandfather)

The demonstrative pronoun ‘le’(this) can also be used with ‘ku’.

Umzekelo: ‘kule fama’ (on this farm / to this farm)

Ubusazi? (Did you know?)

The word ‘usapho’ (family) is in noun class 11 and the demonstrative pronoun for this noun class is ‘olu’.

egadini: in the garden
le gadi: this garden
ngasemva: at the back
ukunkcenkceshela: to water
ingca eluhlaza: green grass
iintyatyambo ezibomvu: red flowers
ukuncedisa: to help
ecaleni kwendlu: at the side of the house
ukuhombisa: to decorate
khawundiphe: please give me
umhlakulo: a spade
nanku umhlakulo: here is a spade
sebenzana: work together
kule gadi: in this garden
kumnandi: it is nice
bangatya: they can eat

Khumbula! (Remember!)
‘wam’ (of mine / my) and ‘lwam’ (of mine / my) are possessives used with nouns in different noun classes.

Uyayazi? (Do you know?)

Some of the isiXhosa words for vegetables are borrowed words from English or Afrikaans. It is important that these words are spelled correctly.

Khumbula! (Remember!)
In the word ‘Siseshedini’ (We are in the shed.) the ‘s’ is inserted between the subject-verb link and the locative ‘eshedini’ (in the shed).

The noun ‘isikere’ (scissors) is a borrowed word from the Afrikaans word ‘sker’.

The word ‘ukunkcenkceshela’ is the infinitive verb ‘to water’. (Try and pronounce this word as it is a tricky one!)

ihobe: dove
kwathi kaloku ngantsomi: once apon a time there was a story
ngenye imini: one day
zingela:hunt
amatshontsho: chicks
loyika ihobe: the dove was scared
khwaza:shout
nabani: with whom
phosa: throw
usisidenge: you are stupid
uyinja: you are a dog
baleka: run
goduka: go home

Khumbula! (Remember!)
the sucject-verb link ‘ndi’ is replaced with ‘nda’ the sentence is in the Remote past tense.

Umz.: Ndabona ihobe. (I saw a dove.)

The word ‘ukuxoka’ (to lie) can be replaced with ‘ukuphosisa’ as ‘ukuxoka’ is often regarded as harsh and rude.

Uyayazi? (Do you know?)

Many of the words used for vegetables in isiXhosa are borrowed words from Afrikaans such as, ‘iimbotyi’ (beans and derived from the Afrikaans word ‘boontjies’)

Uyayazi? (Did you know?)

When a word in class 1 or 1(a) forms the subject of the sentence the subject concord (isivumelanisi sentloko) is ‘u’. (see example d.)

When a word in noun class 11 forms the subject of the sentence the subject concord (isivumelanisi sentloko) is ‘lu’.

(see example e.)

Uyayazi? (Did you know?)

‘onwabile’ is the verb for being happy and is used as follows:
Ndonwabile. (I am happy.)
Umama wonwabile. (Mother is happy.)

Uyayazi? (Did you know?)
The verb ‘fike’ (arrived) is used in the recent past tense / Ixesha elidlulileyo – by changing the final vowel of the verb to an ‘e’

Example

Sifike … (we arrived)
Sithathe … (we took)

‘njenga’ (like)
is used as a simile and is formed as follows:
njenga + iWoolworths =
njengeWoolworths
(the final vowel ‘a’ of ‘njenga’-merges with the initial vowel of ‘iWoolworths’.
(a + i = e)

Usapho with the meaning family is a word in noun class 11 and therefore takes the subject verb link ‘lu’.
Example:
Usapho luya eKapa. (The family goes to Cape Town.)

Wena: as for you, you
uyindawo yeenkomo: you are the place of cows
Wena uyindawo yamahashe: as for you, you are the place of horses
Wena uyindawo yamadada: as for you, you are the place of ducks
Wena uyindawo yamasimi: as for you, you are the place of fields
Wena uyindawo yemithi: as for you, you are the place of trees
Wena uyindawo yeentyatyambo: as for you, you are the place of flowers
Uyasinika ithemba: you give us hope
Uyasinika ububele: you give us friendliness
Igama lakho nguVuyo: your name is Vuyo
Wena uyindawo yentliziyo yam: as for you, you are the place of my heart

Uyayazi? (Did you know?)
Both nouns in Quiz 3 are nouns in noun class 1(a) and therefore take the ‘oo’as prefix in the plural Noun class 2(b) as follows:
umakhulu > oomakhulu

utatomkhulu > ootatomkhulu

unefama: he has a farm
kukho: there are
izilwanyana ezininzi: many animals
namahashe Amahle: and beautiful horses
uyasifundisa: he teaches us
ekhitshini: in the kitchen
upheka: she cooks

Uyayazi? (Did you know?)
As mentioned before nouns are categorised into noun classes ( amahlelo.
‘ihashe’ is a noun in noun class 5 with its plural in noun class 6).
Umzekelo (Example)
ihashe (singular / isinye)
amahashe (plural / isininzi)

Whereas the noun ‘inkomo’is a noun in noun class 9 with it’s plural in noun class 10.
Umzekelo (Example)
inkomo (singular / isinye)
iinkomo (plural / isininzi)

kumnandi: it is pleasant
izilwanyana ezininzi: many animals
amasimi: fields
emasimini: on or in the fields
uhlanganisa: he gathers
bakhwela amahashe: they ride horses
basondela: they approach
amadama: the ducks
phantsi komthi: under the tree
yindawo emnandi: it is a great place

Uyayazi? (Did you know?)
The word ‘unentloko’ is formed as follows:

u (he or she) + na (has or have) + intloko (a head) = unentloko (he or she has a headache)

Nisaphila namhlanje?: How are all of you today?

Andiphilanga: I am not well

Ndinolusizi: I am sad

buya: return

khumbula: longing for

Ndonwabile: I am happy

Ndiyavuya: I am happy

Ndisekhaya: I am at home

Masiye: Let’s go

Egumbini lokutyelela: to the dining room

Uyayazi? (Did you know?)
If you speak to somebody directly, the initial vowel of the person or people you are addressing is deleted.

Imizekelo (examples)

Molo tata!

Molo Nomsa!

Molweni bantwana!

‘onwabile’ (to be happy) is a vowel commencing verb. The following happens if used with the subject-verb link or subject concord:

Abantwana ba+onwabile = bonwabile

UThandeka u+onwabile = wonwabile

Uyayazi? (Did you know?)
‘isipili’ with the prefix ‘isi’ is a noun in noun class 7.
If somebody or something in noun class 1 (a) possesses the noun in noun class 7 (‘isipili’) the possessive link is ‘sika’ > ‘isipili sikaThandeka’
Imizekelo (Examples)
‘isipili sikaThandeka’ (Thandeka’s mirror)
‘isitulo sikaNomsa’ (Nomsa’s chair)

uyayazi? (did you know?)
If a noun in noun class 9 such as ‘ibhedi’ and ‘ingubo’ belongs to somebody or something in noun class 1(a) ‘ka’ is used as possessive link.

Imizekelo (Examples)

‘ibhedi kaThembeka’

‘ingubo kaThemba’

kaThemba: of Themba
kumnandi ukuba lapha: it is wonderful being here
yibhedi kasisi: it is my sister’s bed
iimpahla zakho: your clothes
yiwodrophu kaThandeka: it is Thandeka’s wardrobe
iingubo ezimbini: two blankets
yingubo kathandeka: Thandeka’s blanket
izipili ezibini: two mirrors
sisipili sikaThandeka: Thandeka’s mirror
yidesika kasisi wam: it is my sister’s desk
yingubo kaThandeka: it is Thandeka’s blanket
kufuneka ndigoduke ngoku: I must go home now
kaThandeka: of Thandeka
iibhedi: beds
lineedesika: it has desks
ewodrophini: in the wardrobe
isipili: mirror

Uyayazi? (Did you know?)

‘na’ is used to combine nouns and has the meaning of ‘and’ or ‘together with’ in English.
‘na’ is added to the second noun (see our examples a. – d.)

Please take note of the sound changes occurring when these vowels are joined:
na + i = ne (nejezi / and a jersey)

na + ii = nee (neejezi / and jerseys)

ndithenga: I buy
evenkileni katata (at father’s shop)
uthengisa: he sells
izinto ezininzi: many things
ootata: fathers
iibhulukhwe ezininzi: many pants
ukutya: food
kule venkile katata: at this shop of father
iintombi: the girls
usana lutya: the baby eats
isaladi yemifuno: vegetable salad

Uyayazi? (Did you know?)

The word ‘isaladi’ is a borrowed word from the English word ‘salad’.

ungumtu wobuntu: you are a person of humanity
ungumntu woxolo: you are a person of peace
ungumntu wothando: you are a person of love
uyasikhusela: you protect us
uyasixhasa: you support us
uyasithanda: you love us
asithandabuzi: we do not doubt
asiphikisani: we do not differ
xa ukhona: when you are here
hlala nathi: stay with us
kuba: because
unjengendlovu: you are like an elephant
ungahambi: and do not go away
usisipho: you are a gift
sethu: our
qha: only

Uyayazi? (Did you know?)

‘njengendlovu’ (like an elephant) is a simile. The word for simile in isiXhosa is ‘isifaniso’.

Khumbula! (Remember!)

In the possessive the thing being possessed is written first followed by the link which is added to the possessor.

Example: ivenkile kaTata (the shop of father / father’s shop)

Uyayazi? (Did you know?)

The locative form of ivenkile is evenkileni. Note that the word for shops is iivenkile with its locative form ezivenkileni.

kodwa: but

akathandi: does not like

kule venkile: at this shop

abafuni: they do not want

bathanda ukutya: they like to eat

upheka: he or she cooks

ezi ziqhamo: these fruits

ndithanda: I like

Khumbula! (Remember!)
The subject-verb link used when the subject of the sentence is a noun in noun class 1 and 1a is ‘u’ in the positive and ‘aka’ in the negative. In the negative the verb will take the ‘i’ ending.

Imizekelo:

Utata akasebenzi namhlanje. (Father is not working today.)

Utata uyasebenza. (Father is working.)

Uyayazi? (Did you know?)

If the person who possesses (something or somebody)
is a noun in noun class 1a ‘ka’ is used. ‘ka’ is used when something or somebody in noun class 9 is possessed.
Imizekelo:

ivenkile katata (dad’s shop)

ipesika kasisi (sister’s peach)

imoto kaNomsa (Nomsa’s car)

Uyayazi? (Did you know?)

The isiXhosa for ‘in Johannesburg’ is ‘eGoli’. (at or in the place of gold)

Khumbula! (Remember!)
If commanding one person in isiXhosa only the verb is used. A command to more than one person ‘ni’ is added to the verb.

Umzekelo: Thenga ezi pensile! (Buy these pens!)

(Singular command)

Thengani ezi pensile! (Buy these pens!)

(Plural command)

Khumbula! (Remember!)
Remember to eliminate the ‘h’ in the adjective ‘khulu’ when a noun in noun classes 9 and 10 are described.

Umzekelo: itafile enkulu (big table)

Khumbula! (Remember!)

If you speak to somebody directly, you drop the initial vowel of the (noun) person you are addressing.

Umzekelo (Example):

Molo, gqirha! (Morning doctor!)

Unjani, Sipho? (How are you Sipho?)

Uyayazi? Did you know?

The word ‘kwikhemesti’ (at the chemist) could be replaced with ‘ekhemesti’ – these two words have the same meaning when translated into English.

Khumbula! (Remember!)

A verb in the Recent past tense ends in ‘e’ or ‘ile’.

Imizekelo (Examples):

UThandeka uwe endleleni. (Thandeka fell in the road.)

UThandeka uwile. (Thandeka fell.)

unebhayisekile: she or he has a bicycle
iluhlaza: is green
nomhlobo wakhe: with her friend
aba bantwana: these children
edolophini: to town
ukuya: to go
elwandle: to the sea
ibhayisekile ibaleke: the bicycle went fast
kakhulu: very
wa: fall
we: fell
kodwa: but
lila: cry
lile: cried
uyavuya: he or she is happy
le bhayisekile: this bicycle
umhlobo wenene: a true friend

Khumbula! (Remember!)

The possessive link for noun class 10 is ‘za’.

Imizekelo (Examples):

iibhayisekile zam (my bicycles)

iibhayisekile zakho (your bicycles)

iibhayisekile zakhe (his or her bicycles)

Uyayazi? (Did you know?)

The address (idilesi) you write on a postcard is the address of the person you are writing to.

Uyayazi? (Did you know?)

The negative of the infinitive is formed as follows:
uku + nga + verb + i-ending to verb

Imizekelo:

ukungasebenzi (not to work)

ukungayi (not to go)

ndisahlala: I am still sitting
phandle:outside
basakhelela: they are sill picking
usadlala: he or she is still playing
intyatyambo: a flower
iintyatyambo: flowers
intyatyambo isadubula: the flower is still blooming
iintyatyambo: flowers
iintyatyambo zisadubula: flowers are still blooming
amadoda: men
tya: eat
iziqhamo: fruits

Uyayazi? (Did you know?)

The word ‘intyatyambo’ translated into English is ‘a flower’, ‘the flower’ or simply ‘flower’.

Khumbula! (Remember!)

The verb ‘thanda’ can be translated into English meaning ‘love’ or ‘like’.

Uyayazi? (Did you know?)

There are two words you could use for the English word ‘spring’. The one is ‘intwasahlobo’ and the other is ‘intlakohlaza’.
Nantsi ividiyo yentwasahlobo:
springtime-birds-migration-northern-parula-warbler-4k-SBV-323225413-HD (1)

Uyayazi? (Did you know?)
If the verbal extension ‘ana’ is added to the verb the meaning changes completely. It changes to ‘something people do together’ or ‘something people do to each other’. Add ‘ana’ to the ending of the verb and omit the final vowel.
Imizekelo (Examples):
Siyadlalana. (We play together.)
Bayasebenzana. (They work together.)

Khumbula! (Remember!)

In the sentence ‘Ubhuti uqokelela amagqabi egadini.’
The ‘u’ added to the verb ‘qokelela’ is the subject-verb link and links the subject of the sentence (ubhuti) to the verb ‘qokelela’.

ithanga: pumpkin 

amathanga: pumpkins 

umfino: wild spinach 

imifino: (wild spinaches) 

isiqhamo (fruit) 

iziqhamo (fruits) 

ulusu: tripe

Khumbula! (Remember!)
If you start your sentence with somebody’s name (which is a noun in noun class 1a), make sure you write the ‘u’ and the first letter of the person’s name in capital letters. 

Umzekelo (example): 

UThandeka ufumene ukutya.

Uyayazi? (Did you know?)
The noun extension or suffix ‘kazi’ can be used to indicate female.

Imizekelo (examples):

utitshala (teacher)

utitshalakazi (femail teacher)

Uyayazi? (Did you know?)

‘Umngqusho’ is a very traditional and popular dish, sometimes enjoyed with beans (‘iimbotyi’).

Uyayazi? (Did you know?)

The subject verb-link can also be used with ‘kho’ or ‘khona’.
umzekelo (example): Inja ikhona. (The dog is present / here.)
The subject-verb link ‘i’ is used with ‘khona’ and refers to the noun ‘inja’.

Uyayazi? (Did you know?)
The word ‘kukho’ (there is or there are) is used in the present tense. The negative form or when you would like to say ‘there are not’ or ‘there is not’ use the negative form ‘akukho’.
Umbuzo (Question)
Kukho ibhedi kulo mfanekiso ulandelayo? (Is there a bed in the following picture?)

Impendulo (Answer):

Hayi, akukho. (No, there is not.)

abantwana: children 

ukutya: food 

iswekile: sugar 

ifriji: fridge 

isitovu: stove 

itshizi: cheese 

inkukhu: chicken 

imifuno:vegetables 

iziqhamo:fruits 

iimbotyi nomngqusho: samp and beans 

amagwinya: vetkoek 

Khumbula! (Remember!)
The negative link for class 1 and 1a is ‘aka’. If the verb is a stative verb the verb-ending ‘ile’ is removed and replaced with ‘anga’.

Khumbula! (Remember!)

If any of the numbers one to six are used with a specific noun you need to use the correct link or concord determined by the noun being described. Determine the noun class first followed by the adjective stem (the numbers 1-6). The link or concord is added to the adjective stems.
Umzekelo (Example):
igumbi elihle. (the beautiful room)
‘hle’ is the adjective stem and ‘eli’ the link determined by the noun ‘igumbi’ in noun class 5.

Uyayazi? (Did you know?)

If a noun in noun class 9 or 10 is desbribed and the adjective stem starts with a ‘b’, insert ‘m’ as follows:
iitephu ezimbini (two taps)
iigadi ezimbini (two gardens)

pheka: cook 

ntoni: what 

umphokoqo: traditional porridge 

heke: great / well done 

ukutya: to eat / food 

kulungile: it is fine 

amasi: clabber 

ngamasi: with clabber 

ngobisi: with milk 

umphokoqo namasi: traditional porridge and clabber 

egumbini lokutya: dining room 

Khumbula! (Remember!)
If the ‘a’ of ‘nga’ coalesces with the ‘u’ of ‘umphokoqo’ the ‘a’ and the ‘u’ becomes ‘o’ and the word ngomphokoqo is formed.

Uyayazi? (Did you know?)
The word ‘ukutya’ can be used as a noun in noun class 15 as well as an infinitive  

Imizekelo (Examples): 

Ndithanda ukutya umphokoqo. (I like to eat porridge.)  

Sithenga ukutya ezivenkileni. (We buy food in the shops.) 

Ubusazi? (Did you know?)
If the demonstrative pronoun is used the initial vowel (or two vowels) of the noun following this demonstrative pronoun, is dropped, or omitted.

Imizekelo (Examples)
‘le vidiyo’ (this video)
‘aba bantwana’ (these children)

unjani: how are you
uye: you went
fumene: found
uyifumene: you found it
kutata: from father
ngebhayisekile: by bicycle
ngantoni: how / by means of what
khawulezisa: hurries / go fast
mntanam: my child
ndiyavuya: I am happy
khumbula: remember
gcina: keep
kulungile: it is fine
le bhayisekile: this bicycle
incinci: is small

khumbula! (Remember!)
Enquiring about somebody else’s health one could use different forms such as ‘unjani’, uphilile or ‘usaphila’. The initial ‘u’ if translated into English is ‘you’, ‘he’ or ‘she’.

Uyayazi? (Did you know?)
The word ‘yam’ is a possessive formed by adding the possessive link ‘ya’ to the possessive ‘m’ to form ‘yam’ , which directly translates to ‘of mine’.

Ubusazi! (Did you know)
The word ‘irestyu’ in isiXhosa means ‘restaurant’ in English.

If the initial vowel changes to ‘e’, for example ‘erestyu’, the meaning changes completely. The meaning is now ‘in the restaurant’. 

The verb ‘odola’ is a borrowed verb. It is borrowed from the English verb ‘order’.  

Ubusazi! (Did you Know!)

The possessive in isiXhosa is used as follows:  

‘car’s window’ is translated into isiXhosa as ‘ifestile yemoto’ (the window of the car). The thing being possessed is written first followed by the possessive link, which is then added to the following noun. 

Example: ifestile ya+imoto (a+i=e) > yemoto > ifestile yemoto (the window of the car) 

Ubusazi? (Did you know)

If the initial vowel ‘i’ of iKapa changes to ‘e’ (eKapa) the meaning also changes completely.  

Example: iKapa (Cape Town)  

       eKapa (in Cape Town) 

ngubani othethayo: who is speaking 

ngumnumzana: it is mister 

ukho: is present / is there 

funa ukuthetha: want to speak 

bamba njalo: hold on 

biza: call 

masiye elwandle: let’s go to the beach 

dibana: meet 

ehostele: at the hostel 

siza kuya: we will go 

ngeteksi: by taxi 

kulungile: it is fine   

sobonana: we will see each other 

Ubusazi? (Did you know?)
The noun ‘uZahara’ is classified as a noun in class 1(a) and the plural of this word is written with the prefix oo–, for example ‘ooZahara  (Zahara and company). Other words in noun class 1(a) are words such as ‘utata’,’umama’,’usisi’,’ubhuti’,’umakhulu’ and ‘utatomkhulu’. 

Ubusazi? (Did you know?)

That the isiXhosa word ‘umyeni’ could mean a husband or a groom in English

Khumbula! (Remember!)

Unlike in English, in isiXhosa adjectives come after the nouns they describing.

iivenkile (shops) 

uneevenkile (she has shops) 

fana (similar) 

ezifana nesupamakethi (like a supermarket) 

kule venkile (in this shop) 

kuthengiswa (there are sold) 

ukutya neempahla (food and clothes) 

iivenkile ezimbini (two shops) 

abantu bathanda (the people like) 

kuba (because) 

ziivenkile ezintle kakhulu (these are beautiful shops) 

enye ivenkile (one shop) 

nenye ivenkile (and another) 

ngempelaveki (during the weekend) 

ndithanda (I like) 

ukuncedisa (to help) 

ezivenkileni zakhe (in her shops) 

ngenani (enter all of you) 

hambani kakuhle (go well all of you) 

sebenzani kakuhle (work well all of you) 

Ubusazi? (Did you know?)
If you want to say ‘let us eat’ use ‘ma’ as follows: 

Masitye. (Let us eat.) 

Masiye. (Let us go.) 

Please note that the verb is now in the subjunctive mood (uhlobo loqosheliso and ends in ‘e’. 

The ‘si’ refers to ‘us’. Please note that ‘masitye’ (let us eat) is written as one word in isiXhosa. 

Ubusazi na? (Did you know?)
The word for father in isiXhosa is ‘utata’. This noun is in the singular form. It’s plural form is ‘ootata’. The prefix of the noun ‘utata’ (the ‘u’) is removed and replaced with the prefix ‘oo’ which indicates that this noun is in the plural and in a different noun class. Adding the copulative link to the front of the noun, changes the meaning completely, for example utata (father) > ngutata (It is father). 

The isiXhosa verb for ‘bark’ is ‘khonkotha’

The isiXhosa word for beetroot is ‘ibhitruthi’ and is a borrowed word from English.

Khumbula!
Sebenzisa iimpawu zokubhala ezichanekileyo xa uphendula imibuzo kwaye uqwalasele nopelo lwakho. 

Ubusazi na?
Akulunganga usasaza ubuxoki. 


Iziko indawo ephakathi naphakathi exhibeni lapho kubaselwa khona umlilo uma kuphekwa. 

Izinkumbi zabantu kushiwo ubuningi babantu kuleyo ndawo. 

Injomane elinye igama elisho ihhashi. 

uNjomane kwakuwumuntu wakwaMhlongo okwaqanjwa ngaye isithakazelo sakhona koMhlongo. 

Ubusazi na? (Did you know?)
The ‘c’ in the isiXhosa alphabet is classified as a click. 

Read and repeat these words focusing on the pronunciation of this click sound. You should visit the previous lesson where we listened to the three clicks in isiXhosa and practise the ‘c’ click a few times!   

cinga (think) 

cela (request) 

ncoma (praise) 

chola (pick up)  

Khumbula!
IXESHA LANGOKU, ELIZAYO NEXESHA ELIDLULILEYO

Kumaphepha adlulileyo uchazelwe banzi ngala maxesha. Funda nantsi imizekelo:

Umama wenza ukutya > ixesha langoku

Umama wenze ukutya> ixesha elidlulileyo

Umama uzakwenza ukutya> ixesha elizayo

Khumbula!
Khumbula ukususa isikhamiso sesibizo esilandelayo isimelabizo sokwalathisa. 

Khumbula!
Isenokuba sisigxekoncomo sencwadi, somdlalo weqonga, somboniso bhanyabhanya, serestyu njlnjl, kodwa apha siza kugxila kwisigxekoncomo sencwadi. 

Khumbula!
Ixesha elidlulileyo yinto eyeneke kwixesha elidulileyo. 

Ixesha eladlulayo yinto eyenzeka/eyenzeke kudala 

Khumbula!
Olu didi lubhalelwa izihlobo, izalamane, nabahlobo ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo.  

Injongo: Kukugqithisa ulwazi/ umyalezo nokugcina ubudlelwane. Umbhali ke kufuneka aqiniseke ukuba ubhalela bani kanye. Umbhali usenokubhalela umsakwabo ecela ukuya kuchitha iiholide ukanti usenokubhalela unina okanye uyise esenza esi sicelo sinye. Umahluko uba kwithoni nerejista.

Ukubeka indlebe: ukumamela 

Umqabaqaba: ukuzi udlamkile okanye usemandleni 

Maz’anethole: umbulelo omkhulu 

Ukubeka indlebe: ukumamela 

Kuxhelwe oxhukwana: konwabeke kakhulu 

Ukumbatha ingubo kaqaqa: ukusweleka 

Ntondo– umntwana wokugqibile kubazali bakhe 

Ukugcada: fry 

Onqiyoyo: russians  

Isinongo: spice  

Ityuwa: salt 

Khumbula!
Udliwanondlebe luyakwazi ukuba nabathathinkxaxheba abathathu nangaphezulu.

Khumbula!
Amaxesha ezinzi ame ngoluhlobo.

Ixesha langoku: uyabalakele uQhama.

Ixesha elidlulileyo: ubalikile uQhama.

Ixesha eladlulayo: wabaleka uQhuma.

Ixesha elizayo: uzakubaleka uQhama.

Ubusazi na?
Zibuze le mibuzo xa ufuna izihlomelo

Esendawo – phi?

Esobunjani – njani?

Esexesha – nini ?

Ubusazi na?
INKQUBO YOKUBHALA  

Ukufundisa ukubhala kudla ngokuquka ukusebenza ngokwenkqubo yokubhala. Nangona kunjalo akunyanzelekanga ukuba asetyenziswe onke amanyathelo ale nkqubo ngamaxesha onke, umz. xa ubhala uhlobo lwetekisi oluqhelekileyo kuza kufuneka uhlalutye isakhiwo salo kunye neempawu zolwimi ngokunabileyo. Kungakho amaxesha apho kuza kufuneka ukuba ugxininise kwisakhiwo sesivakalisi okanye ekubhalweni komhlathi okanye ubhale iitekisi ezingenadrafti xa ulungiselela uviwo.  

AMANQANABA ALANDELWAYO KWINKQUBO YOKUBHALA  

  1. Ukucwangcisa/ phambi kokubhala.
  2. Ukuyila / Ukwenza idrafti
  3. Ukuhlaziya
  4. Ukuhlela
  5. Ukulungisa iziphene
  6. Ukunikezela.

Ubusazi na?
Yintoni inoveli? 

  • Libali elide, linabalinganiswa abaninzi. 
  • Umxholo wayo usenokungabimnye, ube nemixholwana. 
  • Imo yayo iyafana neyebali elifutshane. 

Ubusazi na?
Ngaphambi kokuba ungenise iresiphi yakho, sebenzisa olu luhlu lokutshekisha.

Iresiphi yam inesihloko.
Uluhlu lwezithako lugqityiwe.
Amanyathelo aneenombolo.
Amanyathelo acwangciswe ngolandelelwano oluchanekileyo.
Ndisebenzise izenzi ezinyanzelekileyo.
Ndisebenzise ixesha langoku.
Ndiwafukile umfanekiso wesitya esigqityiweyo.
Ndifake iingcebiso.

Khumbula!

Qinisekisa ukuba umkhenkce wakho uzityhubhu eziqine ngokwaneleyo phambi kokuba uzisebenzise. Xa zingaqinanga ngokupheleleyo zinyibilika ngokukhawuleza

Izalathisi: Directions 

Imepu: Map 

Ngasekunene: On the right 

Ngasekhohlo: on the left 

Ubusazi na?
Umphokoqo kokutye kwesintu kwaseMzantsi Afrika. 

Izithako: Ingredients 

Izixhobo: Utensils  

Umgubo wombona: Maize meal 

Khumbula!
Sebenzisa iimpawu zokubhala ezichanekileyo xa uphendula imibuzo kwaye uqwalasele nopelo lwakho. 

Basekwa: Formed  

Uyise: Father 

Nyana: Son 

Koloniyali: Colonialism

Ulwimi: Language 

Kumkani: King 

Thobela: Obey 

Ukunqumamisa: to suspend 

Khumbula!
Sebenzisa iimpawu zokubhala ezichanekileyo xa uphendula imibuzo kwaye uqwalasele nopelo lwakho. 

Ubusazi na?
Qho ngonyaka kubakho uhlahlo lwabiwo mali, apho urhulumente anika amasebe awohlukeneyo imali. 

Urhulumente: Government  

Amashishini: Business 

Ukuxhasa: Support 

Ukhekhento: Tourism 

Khumbula!
Sebenzisa iimpawu zokubhala ezichanekileyo xa uphendula imibuzo kwaye uqwalasele nopelo lwakho. 

Ubasazi na?
IKruger National Park ngowona myezo umkhulu apha eMzantsi Afrika.

Ukuqubulisa: to surprise  

Umyeni: husband 

Abatyaleli: Visitors 

Ibhere: Bear 

Khumbula!
Sebenzisa iimpawu zokubhala ezichanekileyo xa uphendula imibuzo kwaye uqwalasele nopelo lwakho.

Ubusazi na?
Xa uhlukumeza abanye abantwana ungasengxakini. 

Nqununu: Principal 

Ukuzisola: remorseful  

Isohlwayo: punishment 

Khumbula!
Sebenzisa iimpawu zokubhala ezichanekileyo xa uphendula imibuzo kwaye uqwalasele nopelo lwakho. 

Khumbula!
Sebenzisa iimpawu zokubhala ezichanekileyo xa uphendula imibuzo kwaye uqwalasele nopelo lwakho. 

Ingxelo: Report 

Imibane: Lightning 

Indudumo: Thunder 

Khumbula!
Sebenzisa iimpawu zokubhala ezichanekileyo xa uphendula imibuzo kwaye uqwalasele nopelo lwakho. 

Ubusazi na?
Iintsomi kudala kwaXhosa zazibaliswa ngomakhulu. 

Isezintlungwini: in pain 

Umgibe: trap 

Ukuzingela: to hunt  

Khumbula!
Iintsomi zivame ukuba nabalinganiswa abazizilwanyana. 

Ubusazi na?
Kwizibhengezo ntengiso kusetyenziswa ulwimi oluqhathayo. 

Isisulu: Special  

Ukucoca: To clean 

Ixabiso: Price 

Inkcukacha: Details 

Ubusazi na?
Xa usebenzisa iziyobisi ziyabulala kwaye ungaxhomekeka kuzo. 

Ixhobile – Armed  

Intanyongo – Sunglasses 

Ukutyhola – Accuse  

Ubungqina – Evidence 

Ukugqithisa amafu: Ukubulala

Khumbula!
Sebenzisa iimpawu zokubhala ezichanekileyo xa uphendula imibuzo kwaye uqwalasele nopelo lwakho.

Inkulu- umtwana wokuqala ongumfana 

Ukukruthakruthana- ukuphikisana okanye ukubangisana 

Atyelele- uhambele iiholide 

Amaza- ingqumba yamanzi eyenziwa kukushukuma kolwandle 

Khumbula!
Xa uthelekisa abalinganiswa ujonga indlela ababunjwe ngayo kunye nendima yabo.

Wayewetyisa- wayewanambitha 

Ubusazi na?
Mandulo phaya wonke ubani waye ngaliphosi ixesha lentsomi. Iintsomi zazinceda abantwana bafike ngexesha endlini. Kananjalo, ,zazimanya usapho kuba kwakuhlekwa ngumntu wonke konwatyiwe. Maxa wambi xa kukhona indawana ezibuhlungu kubekho ukukhathazeka,babenyembezana abantwana, kuthuthuzelwane. 

Inxele likakhetsekile- xa ulambe kakhulu 

Ubusazi na?
Indawo ehlala ikumkani kuthiwa libhotwe. 

Irhamncwa: monster 

Umkhosi: army  

Ebhotweni: palace  

Qhawe: hero

Khumbula!
Sebenzisa iimpawu zokubhala ezichanekileyo xa uphendula imibuzo kwaye uqwalasele nopelo lwakho. 

Ubusazi na?
Iplastiki ziyingozi kwizilwanyana ezihlala ezinyana.  

Ungcoliseko: pollution 

Wabhomboloza: cry out loud 

Ikamva: future 

Coca: clean  

Khumbula!
Umbongo ogxekayo: lo ngumbongo ogxeka isenzeko, into, umntu okanye umba othile 

Udliwano-ndlebe: interview  

Inxeba: wound  

Ceba: ward councilor  

Inkunkuma: waste 

Ubudlelwane: relationship 

Ubusazi na?
Ungcoliseko luyingozi kuthi nakwizilwanyana.

Khumbula!
Sebenzisa iimpawu zokubhala ezichanekileyo xa uphendula imibuzo kwaye uqwalasele nopelo lwakho. 

Ubusazi na?
i-gatsby sisidlo saseKapa. 

Ukugcada: fry 

Onqiyoyo: russians  

Isinongo: spice  

Ityuwa: salt 

Ubusazi na?
Imifuno kukutya okusempilweni. 

Ubusazi na?
Akulunganga ukuxokisela umzali wakho kuba ungazibona sele usengxakini ngenxa yalo nto. 

Ukugweba: to judge 

Ngorhatya: evening 

Ukufa isiqaqa: to faint  

Ubungqina: evidence 

Ingozi: danger 

Ingxoxo yababini: Dialogue 

Abahlobo: friends  

Khumbula!
Sebenzisa iimpawu zokubhala ezichanekileyo xa uphendula imibuzo kwaye uqwalasele nopelo lwakho. 

Khumbula!
Injongo yesibhengezo-ntengiso kukwenza ukuba uluntu lufune imveliso okanye inkonzo. 

Besempilweni: in good health 

Amaxabiso: Prices 

Amafutha: Fat 

Izihlunu: Muscles 

Ufudo: turtle  

Uqokobhe: shell 

Ntanda: crack 

Ubusazi na?
Iimbovane nangona zincinci nje kodwa ziluma kabuhlungu. 

Iphimpi: Cobra 

Iimbovane: Ants 

Ukuzingela: to hunt 

Umngxuma: hole 

Ingcambu: roots 

Khohlakele: cruel 

Izigrogriso: threats 

Ezintlungwini: in pain 

Amaxhoba: Victims 

Indodla: Social grant 

Amatyotyombe: shacks 

Iintatheli: Journalists 

Abahlali: Residents 

Ubusazi na?
UNelson Mandela waba ngumongameli wokuqala omnyama wentando yesininzi eMzantsi Afrika. 

INqaku lephephandaba: Newspaper article 

Khumbula!
Xa uchonga ubosebenzisa impawu zocaphulo

Ubusazi na?
Ukhwezi yinkwezi yokugqibela ukutshonela ekuseni. 

Ihlabathi: World 

Isikhukukazi: hen  

Buna: wither 

Inkwenkwezi: star  

Khumbula!
Isichasi  

Izichasi ngamagama aphikisanayo.  

Khumbula!
Xa kuthwa chonga ubokusebenzisa iimpawu zocaphulo

Ubusazi na?
Iinciniba zinaphiko kodwa azikwazi ukubhabha. 

Isantya: speed 

Ishishini: business 

Izinambuzane: insects  

Inkwenkwezi: star  

Amantshontsho: chicks 

Ntsiba: feathers

Ubusazi na?
Zonke izikolo zinebhunga labazali ekuthiwa ngesiNgesi yi-SGB.

Inkxaso: support 

Sihlalo: Chairperson 

Ukutshona: to fail; to go down 

Mvubu: whip 

Isikhenkcezisi: fridge 

Ukupasa emagqabini: to pass very well 

Khumbula! (Remember!)
Nouns in noun class 9 start with the prefixes ‘i’, ‘im’ or ‘in’. Here are some examples: 

ivenkile (shop) 

intombi (girl) 

imfundo (education) 

Uthi bewazi?

Kukhona inhlangano yomhlaba yamanzi (International Water Association: IWA) eklomelisa inhlangano noma umuntu olethe ushintsho olunomthelela omuhle endleleni amanzi aphathwa ngayo futhi ongiwa ngayo ngumphakathi emazweni abo. I- Rand Water yaseNingizimu Afrika yaklonyeliswa ngalo mklomelo ngo-2016.

Khumbula!
Abalinganiswa bayazithethela kumdlalo weqonga. 

Ukuqubha: To swim 

Amaza: Waves 

Ingozi: Danger 

Nyambalala: A lot  

Ubusazi na?
Kubalulekile ukumamela abazali kuba bayakwazi okulungele abantwana. 

Khumbula!
Xa uchonga ubosebenzisa impawu zocaphulo

Ixabiso: Price

Isaphulelo: Discount

Inkcukacha: Details

Ubusazi na?
Xa ufuna ukuba namazinyo acocekileyo kufuneka uxukuxe mihla yonke. 

Iintsholongwane: Germs 

Imveliso: Product 

Khumbula!
Xa kuthwa chonga ubokusebenzisa iimpawu zocaphulo

Amalizo: Alms 

Ithamsanqa: Luck 

Oonantlalontle: Social workers 

Ubusazi na?
Zonke ingingqi zaseMzantsi Afrika zinoceba. 

Impumelelo – Success 

Ekuzimeseleni- In determination 

Ilali – Village 

Umbhoxo – Rugby 

Nkam-nkam – Old age support grant 

Babesokola – They were strugling financialy 

Hlokoma – Roar  

Ukuzingca – to be proud 

Khumbula!
Inkondlo iwumbhalo wobuciko ojulile, okusho ukuthi uma uwubhala kumele uqikelele ukuthi umqondo wayo nomyalezo ewudlulisayo akuhlali obala ukuze ofundayo ezocabangisisa uma efuna umqondo nomyalezo wayo. 

Ukuzilolonga: To train 

Abahlali: Residents 

Dliwanondlebe: Interview 

Enkqubeni: Show 

Msasazi: Presenter 

Simahla: Free 

Isikhundla: Position 

Iintatheli: Journalist  

Ingonyama – Lion 

Izilwanyana zasendle – Wild animals 

Imbila – Rock rabbit 

Inkawu – Monkey 

Intaka – Birds 

Imisila – Tails 

Igcakamele ilanga – Sunbathing  

Intlanganiso – Meeting 

Izigidimi – Messengers   

Komkhulu – At the palace 

Ubusazi na?
Inyawu kunye nezandla zenkawu ziyafana nezandla zabantu. 

Ubusazi na?
Izinja zaziwa njengezona zilwanyana zingabahlobo babuntu. 

Khumbula!
ukubhala uyilo, emva koko uhlaziye, uhlele kwaye uphonononge umsebenzi wakho ngaphambi kokungenisa umbongo wakho wokugqibela. 

Khumbula!
Ukuthi ingxenye yegama uma izimele yodwa ayiwakhi umqondo kodwa kumele ihlanganiswe nezinye izingxenye.

Khumbula!
Kunomehluko okhona phakathi kwezaga nezisho.

Izaga aziyiguquli inkathi zihlala zinjalo noma okukhulunywa ngako sekwedlula noma kusazokwenzeka.

Izisho zona ziyaguquka ngokwenkathi.

Izibonelo:

Wamane wabamba umlomo ngesikhathi bemthethisela ubala. (isisho)

Ngizobamba umlomo ngeke ngibahluphe; abenze abakufunayo. (isisho)

Kwavele kwacaca ukuthi ukhukho lumuka nomoya ngendlela ayegula ngayo. (isaga)

Kuyacaca ukuthi ukhukho lumuka nomoya ngendlela agula ngayo. (isaga)

Uthi bewazi?

Amavidiyo omphakathi (social videos) ahamba ngokushesha okungama-1200% uma kuqhathaniswa nokudluliswa kwezithombe kanye nemiyalelo kuhlangene. 

Uthi bewazi?

Ngomhla ka-27 Julayi 2022 babephakathi kwezigidi ezingama- 20 nama-22 abantu abasebenzisa ama-smartphone eNingizimu Afrika. 

Khumbula!
Kunomehluko phakathi kwesivumelwano senhloko kanye nesivumelwano sikamenziwa.  

Isivumelwano senhloko (umenzi) siphathelene nenhloko yomusho, kanti isivumelwano sikamenziwa sihambisana nomenziwa wesilandiso (isenzo) senhloko. 

Uthi bewazi?

Umshado ongemkhulu usuke unezethameli ezingama-50 noma ngaphansi. 

Uthi bewazi?

INingizimu Afrika ayinalo uhlelo oluwujikelele lwezempilo ukubhekelela izakhamuzi zakuleli. 

Uthi bewazi?

Amarekhodi eSouth African Reserve Bank aveza ukuthi ngo-2020 isikweletu sikahulumeni waseNingizimu Afrika senyuka ngama-R3.8 trillion.

Uthi bewazi?

ElaseMelika lisengcupheni yokwehla ekubeni phambili kwezomnotho emhlabeni jikelele: Sekunezinkomba eziqinile eziveza ukuthi izwe laseMelika okuyilona eliphambili ngokwezomnotho kunawo wonke amazwe omhlaba lingase ligudluke kule ndawo ephezulu. Kunobufakazi obuvelayo obukhombisa ukuthi izwe laseShayina yilo okungenzeka liledlule elaseMelika ngonyaka we-2028.

Khumbula!
Kunomehluko phakathi kwemfuyo nomhlambi. 

Imfuyo yizona zonke izilwane ezahlukene ezifuywa ekhaya. 

Umhlambi yizinkomo eziningi ndawonye. 

Khumbula!
Noma isifaniso nesingathekiso benza umsebenzi othi mawufane kodwa akufani ngoba isifaniso sinezakhi zaso esizisebenzisayo ukuze sibonakale kanti isingathekiso sona sivele siyagagule into ngale esiyafanisa nayo.

Uthi bewazi?
Emandulo, imisebenzi eminingi yayiba ngaphandle kwendlu njengokuyolima, ukuyotheza, ukuyosikela utshani neminye. Lokhu kwakusho ukuthi kufanele kuvukwe ngovivi kwenziwe leyo misebenzi kungaze kushise ilanga. Kulesi sikhathi samanje akusafani nakudala. Imisebenzi eminingi manje yenzelwa ezindlini.

Uthi bewazi?
Ubukhosi bakwaZulu wubukhosi obuhlonishwayo ngenxa yobuhlakani beNkosi uShaka kanye nezinye izenzo ezinhle ezenziwa amanye amakhosi akwaZulu. INkosi uShaka yaziwa njengombumbi wesizwe uqobo. Lokhu kungenxa yamagalelo akhe ekuhlanganiseni izizwana ezithile wazibuthela ngaphansi kombuso wakwaZulu. Yingakho isizwe samaZulu sisikhulu eNingizimu Afrika. 

Khumbula!
Kunomehluko phakathi kwezinsizasenzo nezingasenzo. 

Izinsizasenzo azikwazi ukuzimela kodwa zixhumana nesenzo. 

Izingasenzo zingamaganyaka azimele aphelele.

Uthi bewazi?

Umakhalekhukhwini obiza ukudlula bonke omakhalekhukhwini emhlabeni yi-Falcon Supernova iPhone 6 Pink Diamond ebiza $48.5 million.

Uthi bewazi?

Umakhalekhukhwini wokuqala ngqa kwakuyi- Motorola DyanaTAC 8000X eyakhiwa ngonyaka we-1973 

Ubuwazi na?
INtshonalanga Kapa inesimo sezulu esingafaniswa nesaseMediterranean ngenxa yokuthi liyana  ebusika, kanti ezingxenyeni eziningi zezwe lina ehlobo.

Khumbula!
Umusho wokuqala mkhulu ngoba usuke uzimele futhi unomqondo ophelele. Umusho wesibili usuke uncikile futhi usizwa yizihlanganiso.

Isikebhe
Kunomehluko phakathi komkhumbi nesikebhe.  Umkhumbi uyisithuthi esithwala abantu kumbe izimpahla. Isikebhe naso sihamba emanzini kodwa asisebenzi khona ukuthutha.  Sivame ukusetshenziselwa ukungcebeleka hhayi ukuthatha uhambo olude. Isikhebhe asinazo izindawo zokulala njengomkhumbi.

Khumbula!
Umusho uqalwa ngosonhlamvukazi bese kuba nophawu lokuloba ungqi ekugcineni komusho. 

Uthi bewazi?

Imali ilawula umhlaba: Kulesi sikhathi samanje izinto eziningi zidinga ukuthi ube nemali ukuze zenzeke. Ukuphila komndeni, ukukhulisa abantwana nokwenza imicimbi eminingi eyahlukahlukene kudinga umuntu abe nemali. Ngisho umuntu enemfuyo eningi, ugcina esedayisa ethile ukuze athole imali yokwenza izidingo zempilo. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuba abantwana bafundiswe ukuphathwa kwemali. 

Khumbula! (Remember!)
Remember that copulatives are on nouns 

Khumbula! (Remember!)
Remember that the plural of ‘umsebenzi(work)’ is ‘imisebenzi’ but ‘umsebenzi (a worker)’ is ‘abasebenzi’ 

Khumbula!(Remember!)

If a place is named after a person we use ‘kwa’ ie. kwaLanga (It was named after chief Langalibalele.)

‘ku’ with the English meaning ‘it is’ can be used as follows:

ku+lungile > kulungile (It is fine.)

ku+yashisa > kuyashisa (It is hot.)

Ku+yabanda > kuyabanda (It is cold.)

Ku+pholile > kupholile (It is cool.)

Uthi bewazi? (Did you know?)
Nouns are put in different noun classes. The two words ‘isibongo’ and ‘igama’ are in different noun classes and will therefore take different possessive links.

Khumbula!(Remember!)

Any noun that starts with ‘i’ their subject concord is zi ie. Uweta iyashesha.

Basengadini: they are in the garden
Kulungile: it is fine
Masihambe: let us go
Ngicela ungiphe: please give me
Izimbali ezibomvu: the red roses
Ngasibeka: I put it (the scissors)
imbewu yemifino: vegetable seeds
Ngizokusiza: I will assist you
ngiyabonga: I thank you

You will need:

  • pencils
  • paints
  • brushes
  • water
  • paper

You will need the following:

  • An open space
  • Audio equipment
  • loose clothes

You will need:

  • paper
  • pencils
  • paints or crayons
  • brushes
  • water to wash your brushes

You will need:

  • audio equipment
  • loose clothes
  • open space

You will need:

  • sports shoes or takkies
  • outdoor space
  • javelin or broomstick or other stick
  • soccer or netballs

Did you know?

African djembe drums are indigenous to West Africa but they are now played all over the world.

Dances like the conga are danced to the beat of drums.

Did you know?

You should not wave a cricket bat around wildly because you may hit someone.

Illustration of a cricket player batsman with bat batting done in cartoon style on isolated background.

Never swing your cricket bat around or throw it.

Did you know?

Advertisements in magazines, on television and online for body products are designed to make you believe you will improve the way you look if buy them.

Adverts for body and beauty products can mislead you.

Khumbula! (Remember!)
Remember ‘musani’ and ‘musani uku’ both mean don’t plural 

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)
That both words ‘vakashela’ and ‘vakasha’ means visit 

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)
That the copulative concord is prefixed infront of the noun 

Khumbula! (Remember!)
Remember isela is a thief but isele is a frog

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)
That the synonym of the word ufile is ‘shonile’ 

Khumbula! (Remember!)
Remember the word ‘dubula’ could mean shoot or sprout 

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)
That word ‘luhlaza’ could mean ‘rude’ or ‘raw’ 

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)
That the word ‘umsebenzi’ could mean 2 things ‘a worker’ or ‘work’ 

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)
That although the word ‘iphoyisa’ is a borrowed word it belongs to class 5 therefore its plural is ‘amaphoyisa’

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)
That there are qualified and unqualified locatives  

Khumbula! (Remember!)
Remember to insert suffix ‘iwa’ on one syllable verbs in passive

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)
That ‘passive verbs’ are followed by copulatives  

Khumbula! (Remember!)
Remember the word ‘kakhulu’ means very or a lot  

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)
That the noun ‘ibhayibheli’ is a borrowed word from English 

Khumbula! (Remenber!)
Remember that emphatic pronouns do not replace the subject concord 

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)
That the word ‘Izwi’ is referring to the word of God which is believed as the voice of God. 

Khumbula! (Remember!)
Remember the plural of ‘umfundisi’ is ‘abefundisi’ not ‘abafundisi’ as it should 

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)
That the word ‘umfundisi’ could mean a pastor or a teacher  

Khumbula! (Remember!)
Remember that the conjunction ‘ngenxa’ is always followed by a possessive ‘ya’ 

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)
That the word ‘Siza’ could mean ‘please’ or ‘help’ 

Khumbula! (Remember!)
Remember the umuntu is a person but umntwana is a little person or a child

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)
That the word ‘Mhlengikazi’ is in passive and is followed by copulative

Khumbula! (Remember!)
Remember now you can now use ‘nangu’ for nouns in class 1/1a/3 

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)
That long ago to say ‘here is’ to a noun in class 3 will be ‘nangu’ ie nangu umuthi and for a noun in class 1/1a will be nangu umntwana

Khumbula! (Remember!)
Remember that absolute pronouns do not replace the subject concord 

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)
That the word ‘isiguli’ is also a word used for a patient 

Khumbula! (Remember!)
Remember the suffix ‘kazi’ is used to indicate gender 

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)
That the word ‘umhlengikazi’ means a nurse and has ‘kazi’ as suffix which indicates gender because before this profession was taken by females?

Uthi bewazi? (Did you know?)
Please note that the prefix for noun class 3 is ‘um-‘ and its plural takes the prefix ‘imi-‘.

‘Ngaphandle’ also has the meaning of ‘except for’.

Isibonelo(Example)

‘Ngaphandle kwabantwana’ (except for the children )

Lapho: there
njengamazambane: like potatoes
amabontshisi: beans
isinkwa: bread
ubhotela: butter
ngokuthenga: by buying
bancediswa: they are assisted
ubabonisa: he shows them
bakhoka: pay
etilini: at the till
bahamba: they go home
ngokushesha: quickly
Isinkwa nobothela: bread and butter
zonke lezizinto: all these things

Uthi bewazi? (Did you know?)
The future tense is indicated by making use of ‘zo’ and ‘th’.

Iizibonelo (Examples)

(Ngi + zo th + verb)
(Si + zo th + verb)

Sizothenga esuphamakethe. (We will buy at the supermarket.)

If you greet somebody or speak to somebody directly, remember to delete / omit the initial vowel of the noun in the following way.

Izibonelo (Examples)

‘Sawubona Zola!’ instead of saying ‘Sawubona uZola!’
‘Kulungile, bantwana.’

Instead of saying ‘Kulungile, abantwana.

Ugogo wami engimuthandayo: dear grandmother
Ngiyathemba: I hope
kushisa kakhulu: it is very hot
Ilanga likhipha inhlanzi emanzini: the sun is pulling fish from the water – it is very hot
ekuseni: in the morning
ukudla kwasekuseni: breakfast
ukudla kwasemini: lunch
sishayele: and we drive
ukubona izilwane: to see animals
izolo: yesterday
indlulamthi: giraffes
ubhejane: rhinoceros
amadube: zebras
izingwe: leopards
sizobona: we will see
ngethamsanqa: luckily
udokotela: he is a doctor
iresturenti enhle: inice restaurants
kufanele ndgikubingelele: I must greet you
ujahile: he is in a hurry
umzukulu wakho: your grandchild

Uthi Bewazi? (Did you know?)
The future tense is used in the letter Nomsa wrote to her grandmother.
Isibonelo (Example)
‘sizobona’ (we will see)
(Subject-verb link + za
Ku + verb)

Kuyashisa: it is hot
Ilanga likhipha umkhovu etsheni: the sun is taking fishes from the water – it is very hot
Kuphi:  where
ukuphi: where is she, he or you (singular)
usemtatsheni wolwazi: she is in the library
uyeza: she is coming
uyangena: she enters
ngo ndaweni: about the locative
sithini: what do we say
namhlanje: today
ngiyayazi: I know it
Ngicela uphinde: please repeat
sithi: we say
siyahamba: we go home
halala: congratulations
nibenosuku oluhle: have a great day

Khumbula! (Remember!)
Remember that ‘za’ is one syllable and means ‘come’ 

Ubuwuzi? (Did you know?)

Please note that the word ‘Umndeni’ is in noun class 11 and therefore takes the subject-verb link ‘lu’.
Izibonelo: (Examples)

Umndeni uya (u + ya) edolobheni. (The family goes to town.)

Umndeni uthenga (u + thenga) imithi ekhemesi. (The family buys medicine at the chemist.)

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)

The following words have the prefixes ‘isi’ (noun class 7) with their plurals in noun class 8 (prefixes are ‘izi’)

Izibonelo (Examples):

isimemo > izimemo (invitation/invitations)
isitulo > izitulo (chair/chairs)
isikole > izikole (school/schools)

namhlanje: today
ihambega: hamburger
ibhanana: banana
ama-apula: apples
amaqanda: eggs
Ngoba: because
ngilambile: I am hungry
umgcini sitolo: shopkeeper
ngingakwenzelani ?: What can I do for you?
ukuthenga: to buy; the buying
ngilambile: I am hungry
masingeneni: let us enter

Uthi bewazi? (Did you Know?)
‘Kufanele‘ (must / ought to)

Is used when something must be done.

Izibonelo (Examples)
a. Kufanele sidle izithelo ngoba ziyasilapha. (We must eat fruit because it cures us.)
b. Kufanle abantwana badla izithelo (Children must eat fruit.)
c. Kufanele umntwana adle izithelo. (The child must eat fruit. )

Note the following:

. After ‘kufanele’ the verb ends in ‘e’
. Subject concord or subject-verb link changes from ‘u‘ in class 1 to ‘a’ (see example c.)

Uthi bewazi? (Did you know?)
Verbs such as ‘lambile’ and ‘wonyiwe’ are called stative verbs.

Bheka leli gama:

Igama elithi imiyalelo lisukela egameni elithi “yalela” okusho ukutshela umuntu ukuthi akenzeni futhi ayenze kanjani leyonto. Imiyalelo ingadluliswa ngokubhalwa phansi nangomlomo kodwa okubalulekile ukuthi akufuneki ibe yinde kakhulu ngoba ingamdida lo oyinikezwayo.  

Elinye igama elisho imali kuthiwa inkece.

Kudala, igama elithi indibilishi lalibhekiswe emalini encane isenti.

Amanye amagama akudala: ufagolweni, ingogo.

Khumbula!
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela indlela yokuzakhela imali kanye nokuyilondoloza. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi intengo ikhuphuka njalonjalo. Unyaka uphela izinto eziningi sezikhuphuke cishe kathathu.

Khumbula!
Kunomehluko phakathi kukamenzi nesenzo.

Umenzi uba yinhloko yomusho kanti awupheleli umqondo uma umenzi esebenze yedwa.

Isenzo simumethe umqondo wokwenza (isib. Hamba). Isenzo siyalandisa noma sinikeza umqondo ophelele nakuba sizimele sodwa.

Uthi bewazi?

Izandla ziyagezana: sisho ukuthi kuhle ukwazisana nokusizana uma ningabantu. Njengoba nje nesandla sidinga lesi esinye ukuze sigezeke, kanjalo nabantu esiphila nabo bangabantu ngokusizana. Ake ufune esithi: Umuntu ngumuntu ngabantu. 

Uthi bewazi?
Kuyingozi ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa ngendlela engalungile.  Utshwala, insangu, iwunga kanye nokunye, kuyingozi kabi ezimpilweni zabantu. Lapha sibala ukudleka kwesibindi, ukonakala kwezinso, ukuphazamiseka kwamaphaphu kanye nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo.  Okubi nje ukuthi abantu abaningi abadla izidakamizwa, ikakhulukazi utshwala nensangu abakwemukeli ukuthi lezo zinto ziyizidakamizwa ezingadicilela phansi impilo yabo. Abanye abaphuza kakhulu bagcina sebenedumbe futhi sekubaphoqa ukuphuza utshwala njalo ekuseni, okungasesiyona impilo. 

Uthi bewazi?

  • Ulimi olunyenxayo lusebenzisa amagama ahehayo futhi anokuthambisa inhliziyo yomuntu ukuze azizwe esehambisana nombono noma nesenzo esithile. 
  • Ulimi olukhohlisayo luyahuha futhi alunawo umqondo onobuqiniso. Okhulumayo uthembisa okuthile okuhle ukuze azuze lokhu akufunayo yena. 

Ubusazi na?
Ubunkondlo ubuciko obusetshenziswa imbongi lapho ihaya noma ibongela othile. 

Uma sihlaziya izinkondlo sisuke sivumbulula ubuciko imbongi esuke ibenzile enkondlweni. 

Khumbula!
Uma usubhala incwadi yobungani, ungakhohlwa ukuthi iba nekheli elilodwa elihambisana nosuku. Izinyanga zonyaka zibhalwa ngesizulu kuphela. 

Khumbula!
Isichasiso sehlukaniseka kanje: 

  • Isibaluli 
  • Isiphawulo 
  • Ongumnini 
  • Inani  

Khumbula!
Umculo uwulimi lwabantu bonke emhlabeni jikelele. Noma bekhuluma izilimi ezahlukene kodwa bayakwazi ukuxhumana ngomculo. Umculo unemikhakha ezinhlobo ezahlukene. Uma ngibala nje emibalwa kukhona umculo wezenkolo, wezaMaskandi, weHouse, we-RnB, we-jezi njll.

Uthi bewazi?
I-Cape Town International Jazz Festival yaqala ngo-2000 eKapa. Ithathwa njenge-Jazz festival yesine ngobukhulu emhlabeni wonke jikelele futhi njenge-jazz festival enkulu kunawo wonke ezwenikazi lase-Afrika.

Uthi bewazi?

Izwe laseTurkey yilona elihamba phambili ngokuphuza itiye.

Ikhonsathi : umcimbi womculo wabaculi abahlukene owenzelwa umphakathi. Ungaba sehholo noma ezinkundleni zomphakathi.  

Khumbula!
Isandiso sihlukene kathathu. Kukhona isandiso sendawo, nesandiso sesimo kanye nesandiso esikhomba isikhathi. 

iMbali: History
iNzululwazi: Science
sanukuzondla: Don’t feed them
iimfene: Baboons
kwakufuneka: It was necessary
Emva kwexeshana: Afrter a while
Fika: Arrive
Indawo: Place
Misa: stop
Imisinga: currents
Dibana: meet
-oja: braai
Imfundiso: a lesson

bangoosisi: they are sisters
abalala: who sleeps
inkulu: is big
incane: is small
kaNomsa: of Nomsa
kaThandeka: of Thandeka
le nja: this dog
akathandi: she doesn’t like
unezimpahla ezininzi: she has many clothes
bathanda: they like
umbhedi: bed
Imibhedi: beds
Iwodrophu: wardrobe
amawodrophu: wardrobes
Ingubo: blanket
Izingubo: blankets

kumnandi: it is pleasant
izilwanyana eziningi: many animals
amasimi: fields
emasimini: on or in the fields
uhlanganisa: he gathers
bakhwela amahashe: they ride horses
basondela: they approach
amadada: the ducks
phansi kwesihlahla: under the tree
yindawo emnandi: it is a great place
unepulazi: he has a farm
kukhona: there are
izilwanyana eziningi: many animals
namahhashi Amahle: and beautiful horses
uyasifundisa: he teaches us
ekhishini: in the kitchen
upheka: she cooks

ngiyathemba: I hope
namhlanje: today
iholide lethu: our holiday
olwandle: at the sea
nabangane: with friends
sizo bhukuda: we will swim
amanzi ayabanda: water is cold
sizodla: we will eat
namanzi abandayo: and cold water
umzukulu: grandchild

usapho: family
emlanjeni: to or at the river
ukuya: to go
kuba: because
kumnandi: it is pleasant
imozulu: the weather
ehlotyeni: during summer
ndiyathemba ukuba: I hope that
iklasi yethu yeJografi: our Geography class
ukuchola: to pick up
amaphepha: papers
kumdaka: it is dirty
ngcolisa: pollute

Ubusazi na?
Obona bukukumkani bukhulu apha eMzantsi Afrika bobamaZulu bulandelwe ngobabamaXhosa. 

Ubusazi na?
Amagorha: ngabantu abadlala indima yokunceda abanye abanamandla angaphezulu kunawomntu. 

Did you know?

Poetry is one of the oldest forms of communication dating back to prehistoric times.

Poems often deal with emotions and feelings.

Uthi bewazi?

Iqiniso yinto enesisekelo esingephikiswe. Kunobufakazi.

Umbono yindlela umuntu acabanga ngayo ngokuthile. Umbono uncike emizweni yomuntu.

Remember

To order numbers, look at the place value of each digit.

Work from left to right:

If the first digits are the same, compare the second digit.

If the second digits are the same, look at the third digit, and so on.

mosque: a Muslim place of worship

factory: a building where goods or items are made by people and machines

synagogue: a Jewish place of worship

apartment (flat): a room or sets of rooms that is part of a building where other people live

Did you know?

Armies often use call and response to encourage teamwork. One soldier starts a line or phrase and the other soldiers complete it.

Soldiers with military camouflage uniform in army formation

Call and response is sometimes used by soldiers.

Did you know?

When you are able to resolve conflict in a relationship, it builds trust.

Angry african young woman pulling hair of her boyfriend and showing fist over colorful background

Good relationships need honesty.

respect: a way of treating or thinking about something or someone

prescription: a doctor’s written instruction for the medicine that someone needs and how it is to be used

bodily integrity: being able to decide what happens to your body

Khumbula!
Umusho omagatshagatsha umusho owakhiwe ngemishwana emibili noma engaphezulu, ehlanganiswe ngezihlanganiso ezithile.

Khumbula!
Amabizo ahlukene ngezinhlobo. Kulezo zinhlobo kunezinto ezibonakalayo nezingabonakali.

Khumbula!
Kukhona izixhumanisi. Zona azifani nezihlanganiso.

Izixhumanisi izakhi ezixhumana negama elithile kuphume elinye igama elisha.

Isibonelo:

Na + uSihle > noSihle

Mina na+uSihle sihlakaniphile

Mina noSihle sihlakaniphile

Uthi Bewazi!
Njengoba iNingizimu Afrika iyizwe elinabantu bezinhlanga ezahlukene, uMthethosisekelo wezwe uyazivumela zonke izinkolo ukuba zisetshenziswe. Okubaluleke kakhulu wukuthi lowo nalowo ahloniphe amalungelo omuntu ngamunye enkolweni ayikhethile.

rural area: country area, not a town

medium: art materials such as paints, charcoal

Uthi bewazi?

Enye yezingozi ezinkulu abasebenzi basezibhedlela ababhekana nazo ukutheleleka ngezifo eziningi eziphethe iziguli.

Uthi bewazi?

Izwe laseJapani yilona elinabantu asebekhulile abaningi ngaphezu kunawo onke amazwe emhlabeni. Abantu baseJapani abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala bangamaphesenti angama-29 abo bonke abantu bakuleli lizwe.

Khumbula!
Yonke imidlalo inabadlali (abalingiswa) abaqanjwa umbhali noma umsunguli walowo mdlalo. Kuyenzeka abadlali baqanjwe amagama ahambisana nobunjalo babo. Isibonelo: Kungenzeka umdlali onochuku abizwe ngoPhakimpi, kuthi othanda ukuthula kuthiwe nguNokuthula (kuya ngendawo ayidlalayo).

Uthi bewazi?

Ukucekela phansi izingqalasizinda kuphazamisa umnotho wezwe. Phela kusuke kufanele uhulumeni aphinde aqale phansi alungise lezo zikhungo ezisuke zilinyazwe umphakathi. Lokho kusho ukuthi kuthathwa kuso isikhwama sezwe ukuze kulungiswe, kanti leyo mali isuke ingasiza ekuthuthukiseni ezinye izikhungo ezisuke zidinga uxhaso. 

Khumbula!
Ngaso sonke isikhathi inganekwane inendlela engeniswa ngayo, kanje: 

Oxoxayo:  “Kwasukasukela” 

Abalalele bavuma bathi; “Cosu” 

Ekugcineni oxoxayo uyivala ngokuthi: 

“Cosu cosu yaphela” 

Khumbula!
Umuntu wokuqala (okhulumayo): Mina ngithi … 

Umuntu wesibili (okukhulunywa naye): Wena uthi …. 

Umuntu wesithathu (okukhulunywa ngaye): Yena uthi / Umama uthi … 

looted: goods that were taken in war

artefact: an object crafted by societies from an earlier time period

cockerel: a young rooster (male chicken) of under one year

Khumbula!
Izinganekwane eziningi zinabalingiswa abayizilwane. Nakuba abalingiswa beyizilwane, izindikimba zezinganekwane ziyahambisana nalokhu okwenzeka ebantwini. Kuyaye kuvele inzondo, ubuqili, ukwazisana, ubukhosi nokunye. Yingakho sithi izinganekwane zaziyindlela yasemandulo yokufundisa abantwana ngezinto ezenzekayo empilweni.

Uthi bewazi?
Endulo zingakabi bikho izikole abantu babenendlela yabo yokufunda nokufundisana. Abantu abadala babexoxa izinganekwane ezazinikeza izifundo ezithile ebantwaneni. Abantu besigaba esithile esilinganayo babehlanganiswa ndawonye ukuze bafundiswe ngokwesigaba asebekusona. Labo bantu abahlanganisiwe babebizwa ngebutho.

Khumbula!
Yonke imibhalo ihleleka kahle uma uqala ngokubhala uhlaka. Lokhu kukusiza ekuhlungeni nasekuhleleni amaphuzu ngobumqoka bawo.

Khumbula!
Qaphela ukusebenzisa ngokufanele izimpawu wokuloba lapho ubhala izifinyezo. Uma lungafakiwe uphawu olufanele, kusuke kungabhalekile ngendlela efanele.

Khumbula!
Isandiso sisebenza ukukhanyisa isenzo (isilandiso). 

Isandiso sikhanyisa ukuthi okuthile kwenzeka kanjani, kuphi nini. 

Isibonelo: 

Umama upheka kamnandi. [lapha likhanyisa ukuthi upheka kanjani] 

Igama ‘upheka’ liyisenzo. 

Udadewethu ufike ebusuku. [lapha likhanyisa ukuthi ufike nini] 

Igama ‘ufike’ liyisenzo. 

Did you know?

The Horniman Museum is an inspiring, family-friendly, free museum and Gardens in south London.

The main south facing frontage of the Museum Building, alongside London Road.

Izikali zisebenzisa amagama afinyeziwe. 

Bheka lezi zikali:  

kg-khilogremu (ikhiligremu) 

g-gremu (igremu) 

ml-mililitha (imililitha) 

l-llitha 

ispn-isipuni 

itspn-ithisipuni 

Izinga lokushisa komlilo libhalwa kanje: 

°C – degrees celsius 

Uthi bewazi?

Umqombothi yisiphuzo sesintu sokuthiba ilanga noma ukoma. Lesi siphuzo sinamandla ngoba siyadakana uma siphuzwe mawala. Kwakujwayeleke ukuthi siyisiphuzo sabanumzane ngenxa yawo amandla okudaka igazi.  Nokho, abesifazane kufanele baqhabule lapho belethe ukhamba lwalesi siphuzo. Lokho kuqhabula kubizwa ngokuthi ukususa ubuthi.

Khumbula!
Idayari iwumbhalo oqukethe ulwazi. Lolu lwazi luphathelene nalokho okuqondene nomnikazi wayo. Iyincwajana yomuntu siqu, akuyona eyokufundwa njengamaphephandaba. 

Did you know?

Siya Kolisi’s rugby skills have made him captain of the Springboks.

Siya Kolisi (captain) of South Africa during the Rugby World Cup Pool B match between New Zealand and South African at the International Stadium Yokohama,Yokohama City September 21 2019 (Mandatory Byline Steve Haag Sports Hollywoodbets)

Siya Kolisi

unique: being the only one of its kind; unlike anything else

strengths: things you can do well

achieve: to succeed in reaching a goal

brave: show courage; ready to face and endure danger or pain without complaining

Uthi bewazi?
Umuntu kufanele aphuze izingilazi eziyisishiyagalombili zamanzi ngosuku, ukuze ahlale njalo enempilo ezimbeni wakhe. Phela amanzi avikela ukuthi ungaphathwa izifo zezinso futhi enza ukuba igazi ligijime kahle emzimbeni futhi lihlale lihlanzekile.

Khumbula!
Sebenzisa iimpawu zokubhala ezichanekileyo xa uphendula imibuzo kwaye uqwalasele nopelo lwakho.

Krelekrele: Clever
Hlupha: bothered
Xhasa: support
Umsitho: function
Ukunikezelwa kwembasa: prize giving
Wayenentloni: ashamed
Qabane: partner
Xhola: poke

Isonethi: Sonnet 

Khumbula!
Khumbula ukulandela inkqubo yokubhala xa ubhala umbongo wakho. 

  • Ukucwangcisa phambi kokubhala,  
  • Ukuyila/ukwenza iidrafti,  
  • Ukuhlaziya,  
  •  Ukuhlela,  
  • Ukulungisa iziphene  
  • Nokunikezela 

Ubusazi na?
Ukuhlamba izandla rhoqo kuyanceda ekulweni ikhovid-19. 

Bhubhane: pandemic
Isibetho: punishment
Ukusoluleka: to be infected
Nwenwa: spread
Edlelweni: feld
Sela: thief
Inkedama: orphan
Umhlolokazi: widow

Khumbula!
Sebenzisa iimpawu zokubhala kunye nopelo oluchanekileyo xa uphendula imibuzo. 

Ubusazi na?
Akulunganga usasaza ubuxoki.

Uthi bewazi?
Emtholampilo yilapho othola khona ulwazi ngempilo yakho kanti futhi yilapho othola khona amaphilisi aqondene nempilo yakho. Okunye ukuthi yonke imiphakathi inawo umtholampilo yakhona.

Uthi bewazi?
Uma ungathobeli umthetho womgwaqo amaphoyisa azokugweba ugcine usuphelelwe umsebenzi, kwabafundayo bangaphelelwa ikusasa ngenxa yobudedengu obebungavimbeka.

Did you know?

Leonardo da Vinci was a very famous painter. He often sketched what he was going to paint before he started.
This sketch is of a horse and rider.


source:wikimedia.org

Khumbula!
Kunomehluko phakathi kukamenzi nesenzo.

Umenzi uyibizo eliba yinhloko yomusho kanti isenzo yigama elinomqondo wokulandisa okwenziwa umenzi. 

Uthi bewazi?
Isizwe nesizwe sinamasiko aso. Isiko indlela yempilo ethathwa ngokuthi yemukelekile kuleso naleso sizwe. Nokho-ke amasiko aseyadida manje ngenxa yokuthi abantu baningi abasawenzi futhi bathi banamalungelo abo okuzikhethela indlela abafuna ukuphila ngayo. 

Khumbula!
Ifomu liyagcwaliswa ngisho kuvotwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ngeminingwane yakho ukuthi kuvota ofanele yini. Nabafundi nabo bayawagcwalisa amafomu.

Uthi bewazi?
Ifomu iphepha eliba nezikhala edinga ukuba uzigcwalise ngokubhala imininingwane yakho. Amanye amafomu asuke edinga ukhethe okukodwa ohambiselana nako ngokubeka uphawu (x) phezu kwebhokisi ohambiselana nalo.

 

Did you know?

Did you know that there are over 800 000 swimming pools in South Africa?

There are different types of swimming pools.

score: make grooves

pinch out: use fingers to pull the clay out

You will need:

  • Clay
  • board or mat to work on
  • water for dampening
  • cling film
  • knife and sharp object to make groves and lines.

Did you know?

It can take thousands of years for a natural beach to be created.

Beaches don’t form overnight!

It takes thousands of years for them to form.

They form because of the water that is constantly moving.

The waves break down the land, including rocks and coral reefs.

A beach forms when waves leave sand, pebbles, and gravel along the shoreline.

Sand is broken down minerals and rocks.

It can take thousands of years for rocks to become sand!

Over time it becomes smooth from the moving water.

You will need:

  • open space
  • audio equipment
  • props that were used in the last unit.

flexible: able to bend and move easily

jog: running at a steady, slow pace

overbalance: fall over

pivot: turn around on one foot

core strength: strength of the muscles in your torso

You will need:

  • an open space
  • audio equipment
  • cones or markers
  • loose clothing.

humanity: the human race; everyone on Earth

symbol: a sign, shape or object that is used to represent something else

proportion: how the sizes of different parts of a piece of art relate to each other

medium: the materials an artwork is made from

domestic animal: pets such as cats and dogs as well as horses, cows etc

sermon: a sermon is a speech that a priest or other speaker gives during church service

sacred: something that is sacred is believed to be holy and to have a special connection with God

ornate: covered with decorations, covered with fancy patterns and shapes

Did you know?

World Religion Day is celebrated annually on the third Sunday of January.

There are many different religions.

Khumbula!
Kwintshayelelo kunikwa isishwankathelo sezona ngongoma ziphambili ngokuphendula lemibuzo – Ngubani ,Otheni?Phi?Nini?Ngokuba kutheni?

Khumbula!
Izibizo ezimbaxa zakhiwa ngokuhlanganisa izigaba zentetho ezibini.

Khumbula!
Isihloko sibhalwa ngamagama angqindilili okanye amakhulu ukuze sibe nomtsalane 

Khumbula!
Khumbula ukususa isikhamiso sesibizo
esilandelayo isimelabizo sokwalathisa.
Lo mntwana / loo mntwana / laa mntwana

ISIMNINI:
Isivumelanisi sesimnini: wa / ya / sa / la / za
Incwadi yam
Iincwadi zethu

Khumbula!
Khumbula ukuba imizuzu yerekhodi esemthethweni yentlanganiso kwaye kubalulekile kakhulu ukuba igcinwe endaweni ekhuselekileyo. Abantu badla ngokubuyela kuyo ukukhangela izigqibo ezenziwayo. 

Ubusazi?
IZIPHAWULI NEZIBALULI 

Isiphawuli ligama elichaza isibizo nesimelabizo. Sinezakhi ezibini. Sinesivumelanisi sesiphawuli kunye nesiqu sesiphawuli. Izivumelanisi zeziphawuli zibini: sesentsusa nesongezelelweyo. Esentsusa sifana nqwa nesisekelo sesibizo size esongezelelweyo sakhiwe ngesakhi sichazi kunye nesivumalanisi sentsusa. 

Isibaluli ligama elichaza isibizo nesimelabizo. Sinezakhi ezibini. Sinesivumelanisi sesibaluli kunye nesiqu sesibaluli. Izivumelanisi zezibaluli zibini: sesentsusa nesongezelelweyo. Esentsusa sifana nqwa nesivumelanisi sentloko size esongezelelweyo. Esentsusa sifana nqwa nesivumelanisi sentloko size esongezeleweyo sakhiwe ngesakhi sichazi kunye nesivumelanisi sentsusa. 

Khumbula!
IZIBIZO

Isibizo ligama lomntu, lento nelendawo. Sinezi zakhi zilandelayo: iceba, isisekelo nesiqu. Iceba nesisekelo zenza isimaphambili.

Izibizo ziziindidi ngeendidi. Ezinye kuthiwa zizibizo zoqobo, ze ezinye zibe zizibizo nje, kanti ezinye zakhiwe kwizigaba zentetho ezahlukeneyo kwaye ezinye zakhiwe ngokudibanisa izigaba zentento ezibini.

Khumbula!
Ingxoxo ibhalwa njengoko isenzeka.

Ndikhatywe yinkawu: Ukulamba kakhulu 

Iqaqa aliziva kunuka: Umntu akaziboni impazamo zakhe 

Ooni-nooni:  izinto ezimnandi 

Ubusazi?
IZICHASI 

Isichasi ligama eliphikisana nelinye. Funda isivakalisi. Qwalasela amagama abhalwe ngqindilili. 

Nasi isichasi seli gama: Ukulibala: ukukhumbula 

Khumbula!
Injongo iza kwahluka ngokwenjongo leyo yokusetyenziswa kwayo ifomu 

Ubusazi na?
Ukuqiniseka ukuba uyilandele imigaqo, sebenzisa le tsheklisti.

Umfundi usebenzisa imo/ifomathi efanelekileyo
Umfundi uyayithathela ingqalelo injongo necala ekujoliswe kulo
Umfundi uzilandelelanisa kakuhle izivakalisi
Izivakalisi zinezihlanganisi ezibonakalisa ukunamathelana ngokufanelekileyo
Usebenzise iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezivakalisi, ubude nesikhiwo esichanekileyo.

Ubusazi na?
Qiniseka ukuba amagama uwabiza ngendlela echanekileyo.

Ilizwi lakho lithobe ulinyusa

Mela abalinganiswa abahlukileyo ebalini (ukuba kuthetha umntu othile kumdlalo zenze lomntu)

Qwalasela iziphumlisi xa ufunda.

Khumbula!
intetho elungiselelweyo isengaba yeyokwazisa/ukucenga/ukwabelana okanye ukuthethelela uluvo okanye icala olithathileyo.

Le ntetho ifuna ukuba uzilungiselele xa uza kuyenza.

Kufuneka ukuba uyokuphanda ulwazi oza kuthetha ngalo.

Cwangcisa kakuhle ubhale kumacwecwe zonke iingongoma eziphambili oza kuthetha ngazo.

You will need:

  • Clean A3 paper
  • pencils
  • eraser

Khumbula!
Xa kuthethwa ngezivakalisi ezilula kuthethwa isivakalisi esinye esingahlanganiswanga nesinye ngesihlanganisi ukuze sense isivakalisi esimbaxa. Kwezi zivakalisi udla ngokufumana intloko, isenzi nenjongosenzi. Injongosenzi isenokubakho okanye isenongabikho. Isivakalisi esimbaxa sisivakalisi esihlanganiswe ngesihlanganisi.

Ubusazi na?
Ukuthatha inkxaxheba kwingxoxo mpikiswano 

Xa unikwa isihloko  sengxoxo, qiniskea ukuba uyayazi intsingiselo yaso. 

Funda ulwazi oluphangeleleyo ngesihloko eso. 

Xa uthetha nika izizathu ezizakubangela lowo uphikisana naye azamkele izimvo zakho. 

Thetha ngokucacileyo. 

Ingcinga neengcamango zakho mazilandelelane ngokucacileyo. 

Thetha ngokuzithemba. 

Sebenzisa isigama esifanele isihloko othetha ngaso. 

Ubusazi na?
Akulunganga ukuxhaphaza okanye ukugezela abanye abantwana kuba lonto inganechaphaza elibi kubomi babo.

Khumbula!
Sebenzisa iimpawu zokubhala ezichanekileyo xa uphendula imibuzo kwaye uqwalasele nopelo lwakho.

Khumbula!
Sebenzisa iimpawu zokubhala kunye nopelo oluchanekileyo xa uphendula imibuzo.

Ubusazi na?
Ukuba kukho abantwana abahlala bodwa kufuneka nazise oonontlalontle khona ukuze bazofumana uncedo.

Ukutyelela: to visit 

Igongqongqo: Cannibal 

Dadobawo: Aunt 

Umtshana: Nephew  

Ukulola: to sharpen  

Gqampa: bounce  

Izembe: Axe 

Khumbula!
Kumaphepha adlulileyo ubufundisiwe ngezihlomelo nezibizo ezimbhaxa 

Khumbula!
Xa ubhala qinisekisa ukuba ulandela le migaqo:   

  • Ukucwangcisa/phambi kokubhala   
  • Ukuyila/ukwenza iidrafti   
  • Ukuhlaziya   
  • Ukuhlela   
  • Ukulungisa iziphene   
  • Nokunikezela  

Khumbula!
Kwisincoko esibalisayo kulapho kubaliswa khona ibali okanye kulapho kubaliswa ngesiganeko esadlulayo. Singavelelwa nangayiphina indlela. 

Ubusazi?
I-intanethi bubuxhakaxhaka bekhompyutha obusetyenziswa lilizwe lonke ukufumana ulwazi ngezinto ezininzi ukunxebelelana nabanye abantu ngokuthumela imiyalezo.

UMbo noMxesibe: Kugcwele kakhulu

Ubusazi?
Xa kuthethwa ngezivakalisi ezilula kuthethwa isivakalisi esinye esingahlanganiswa nesinye ngesohlanganisi ukuze senze isivakalisi esimbaxa. Kwezi zivakalisi udla ngokufumana intloko, isenzi nenjongosenzi. Injongosenzi isenokubakho isenokungabikho. Funda nanku umzekelo:
Utitshala uwakhile umzi wakhe.

Utitshala – Intloko 

Uwakhile – Isivisa 

Umzi – Injongosenzi 

Khumbula!
Kumaphepha adlulileyo ubufundisiwe ngezihlomelo, jonga nantsi imizekelo.

Isihlomelo sendawo: isihlomelo esibonisa indawo / izalathandawo

Isihlomelo sobunjani: Isihlomelo esibonisa ubunjani (ngokucothisa/ngokukhawuleza)

Isihlomelo sexesha: esibonisa ixesha (namhlanje / izolo / ngomso)

Isihlomelo sobungakanani: esibonisa ubungakanani (kabini / kathathu)

Khumbula!
ISIMELABIZO SOQOBO SOKUGXININISA 

Sisetyenziswa ukugxininisa isibizo esihamba naso. Khumbula  ukuba sinokusetyenziswa sodwa endaweni yesibizo. 

Umzekelo 

Yena = oyena mfundi 

Ubusazi na?
Amasi abekwe elangeni: ikhona into ezakwenzeka 

Ubusazi na?
Isifaniso: Sisafobe esisetyenziswa xa ufanisa izinto ezimbini ngenxa yeempawu zazo ezifanayo. Xa sisakhiwa kusetyenziswa izakhi ezifana noo- njenga-; oku kwa-; ngathi yi-; njalonjalo 

Umzekelo: Wayenxibe ilokhwe emhlophe okwekhephu. 

Babesehla besenyuka njengamaz’olwandle. 

Isikweko: Naso sifanisa into ethile nenye, kodwa le nto ifaniswayo ibizwa ngaloo nto ifaniswa nayo 

Umzekelo: UNomsa yigusha ukulunga. – Akutshiwo ukuba ufana negusha koko ubizwa ngayo. 

Uyise wamxelela ukuba uyinyoka. – Nalapha akatsho ukuba ufana nenyoka koko umbiza ngayo. 

Isimntwiso: Apha umbhali uthatha impawu zomntu azinike into engengomntu. 

Umzekelo: Ilinga liphume lincumile namhlanje 

Khumbula!
Ingxoxo iqhutywa njani na: Makubekho obhala izimvo zenu kuqala ukuze axelele iklasi/anike ingxelo kamva.

Iqela ngalinye malithathe inxaxheba ekunikezeleni ngethetho elungiselelweyo

Ingxoxo yababini: Dialogue 

Ugqirha: Doctor  

Isigulane: Patient

Ukugweba: to judge 

Ngorhatya: evening 

Ukufa isiqaqa: to faint  

Khumbula!
Sebenzisa iimpawu zokubhala kunye nopelo oluchanekileyo xa uphendula imibuzo. 

Umbongo: Peom 

Ukugxeka: To criticize 

Khumbula!
Isimelabizo soqobo siqaqambisa lonto okanye umntu ekuthethwa ngaye. 

Ukufa: death 

Velwano: empathy 

Zonda: hate 

Iinkedama: orphans  

Abahlolokazi: widows 

Amadlaka: graves 

Mdali: creator/ God 

Ilali: Village 

Ukutyholwa: To be accused  

Ukuthakatha: Witchcraft 

Meko: Situation 

Ukondla: To feed 

Ukuhlupheka: Poor 

Khumbula!
Sebenzisa iimpawu zokubhala kunye nopelo oluchanekileyo xa uphendula imibuzo.

Did you know

Taekwondo is an activity that needs dynamic arm movements.
Watch this video:

https://cubclub.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/strong-man-practicing-taekwondo-near-ocean-making-active-hands-movement-sporty-musc-SBV-346995798-HD.mp4

dynamics: the way movements fit together

contrasting: things that are very different or opposite to each other

You will need:

  • An open space
  • Audio equipment
  • loose clothing

You will need:

  • An open space
  • mats
  • loose clothes
  • balls
  • Audio equipment

rhythmic: having a regular repeated pattern of sounds or movements

posture: the position in which someone holds their body when standing or sitting

coordinated: to move different parts of the body at the same time in an organised way

agility: moving quickly and easily

sequence: a series of movements that follow one another

Did you know?

Rhythmic gymnastics are part of the Olympic Games.

olympic games

Would you like to take part in the Olympic games?

pigment: substance that adds colour

Did you know

Paitings on the walls of buildings are known as street art.

Source: pexels.com
If you look carefully at this street art painting of a horse you can see that the body of the horse is painted with trees and buildings!

diversity: diversity means differences. People may differ in many ways, including race or ethnicity, age, disabilities, language, culture, appearance, or religion

indigenous: indigenous people or things belong to the country in which they are found, rather than being brought there from another country

legumes: a family of vegetables that includes beans, peas, lentils and soybeans

staple: used, needed, or constantly enjoyed, usually by many individuals

savoury: food that is spicy or salty but not sweet

game: meat from a wild animal

Did you know?

In the 19th century, Dutch farmers moved inland during a mass migration known as the Great Trek. They made biltong because it lasts for a long time.

Do you like eating biltong?

You will need:

  • clean A3 paper
  • poster or acrylic paints
  • paint brushes
  • scrapers (combs, twigs, forks etc.)
  • water for cleaning brushes

prop: object used in a drama or mime

gestures: actions

body language: movements and expressions that say something about what we are feeling

You will need:

  • an open space
  • audio equipment

    • props such as an umbrella, glasses, broom, hat, walking stick, briefcase

posture: the position your body is in when you stand or sit

strain: A strain is when a muscle or tendon (tissue that attaches muscle to bone) is stretched too far

ligaments: Ligaments are tough bands of tissue that hold your bones together at your joints

alignment: when your spine is in alignment the vertebrae are stacked vertically.

wear and tear: the damage that happens to an object in use over a period of time

flexibility: the ability to bend and move without injury.

Did you know?

The word yoga means ‘union’ in the ancient Sanskrit language of India.

Did you know?

Some pianos have more than 88 keys.

Have you ever played a piano?

tempo: the speed at which a passage of music is or should be played

You will need the following:

  • your clay elephant from the previous lesson
  • paints
  • paint brushes
  • water

emotions: feelings

illusions: a trick of the eye

abafundi (pupils)
umdlalo (sport / a game)
ibhola (ball)
irakethi (racket)
into (something)
izinto (things)
emini (day)

kushisa kakhulu ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka (it is very hot during this time of year) 

namantombazane (and the girls) 

ukuthamela ilanga (to bask in the sun) 

bathi gudlu (this is an ideophone referring to the sound it makes when the girls drop or jump into the water) 

ukubavikela (to protect them) 

bathenga izinkuni ukuze bebase imililo (they buy wood to make fires) 

phakathi ezindlini  (inside the houses) 

ngesinye isikhathi (sometimes) 

ikhephu (snow) 

imvula ina njalo njalo (the rain falls continuously) 

kunzima (it is difficult) 

nomoya uyahlaba (and the wind stabs) 

ihlobo (summer) 

ehlobo (during summer) 

ubusika (winter) 

ebusika (during winter) 

iijezi ezimbini (two jerseys) 

ukuhlala emlilweni (to sit at the fire) 

kuyashisa (it is hot) 

kuyabanda (it is cold) 

Uthi bewazi? (Did you know?)
Note that if the sentence starts with somebody’s name both the initial vowel and the letter the name starts with are written in capital letters.

Isibonelo (Example)

UThandeka uya olwandle. (Thandeka goes to the beach.)

Ngifuna ukuthi siye: I want us to go
namhlanje: today
ngiyajabula: I am happy
kulungile: it is fine
masihambe: let us walk
ibhantshi: a blazer
ingubo: a dress
nezichathulo: and shoes
ugcoka usayizi bani: what size do you wear
umbala onjani: what colour
bomvu: red
luhlaza: green
mnyama: black
khokha: pay
thanda: like
etilini: at the till
izimpahla: clothes
ehlaza: green
bomvu: red
mnyama: black
mhlophe: white
phuzu:yellow
luhlaza njengesibhakabhaka: blue
nsundu: brown
pinki: pink

The isiZulu word for beetroot is ‘ibhitruthi’ and is a borrowed word from English.

Uthi bewazi? (Did you know?)
The prefixes of nouns determine the actual noun classes the nouns are in.

(The prefixes in the following words are highlighted followed by the number of the noun class.)

Izibonelo (Examples):

ubaba 1a
obaba 2b
umuntu 1
abantu 2
ibhange 9
amabhange 10

Uthi bewazi? (Did you know?)
If ‘nga’ is added to nouns it has the meaning ‘with’ in English.

Isibonelo (examples):

a. ngemali (with cash/money)
b. ngezikweletu (with debt)
c. ngekhadi lasebhange (with a bank card)

If the ‘a’of ‘nga’ merges with the initial vowel of the noun (in all three examples above it is an ‘i’), it changes to an ‘e’.

Wenzani?: What do you do?) 

imali: money 

ngemali: with money 

gcina: keep/save 

inyanga: month 

ngenyanga: per month 

imali itshala inzalo: money draws interest 

bhadala: pay 

izindleko: expenses 

njengokuqasha: like rent 

indawo yokuhlala: place to stay 

ukudla nezimpahla: food and clothes 

zama: try 

kufanele uzame: must try 

gcina: save 

ukugcina: to save 

ngemali: cash 

ngekhadi lebhange: bank card 

angigcini mali: I do not keep 

Kimi: on me 

ityala: dept 

isikweletu: with debt 

anginamali: I do not have money/cash 

baningi abantu: many people 

abakhokha: who pay 

bakhokha: they pay 

zama: try 

ukungathengi: not to buy 

itshala inzalo: it draws interest 

inzalo: interest 

kungcono: it is better 

bonga: thank 

ngiyabonga: I thank 

wena: as for you 

mina: as for me 

Uthi bewazi? (Did you know?)
Certain nouns take ‘ii’ prefixed to the noun in the plural form.
Examples:
‘izindlulamithi’ (giraffes)
‘izingwenya’ (crocodiles)

Uthi bewazi? (Did you know?)
An ‘inganekwane’ is a traditional story written and told (often by the elderly to grandchildren) carrying a moral lesson. In this story wild animals such as elephants, zebras and rhinoceros are involved.

You will need the following:

  • open space
  • audio equipment
  • examples of musical instruments

Please note that the subject-verb link used in the present tense changes from ‘u’ to ‘o’ in noun class 1 and 1a, and from ‘ba’ to ‘aba’ in noun classes 2 and 2b. 

When referred to noun class 9 the subject verb link used in the present tense changes from ‘i’ to ‘e’, and from ‘zi’ to ‘lezi’ in noun class 10. 

See examples under the heading: ‘Ukufunda nokubuka’(Reading and viewing) 

In the long form ‘yo’ is added to the verb construction. If a noun follows the verbal relative construction, we do not use the ’yo’ added to the verb.

namhlanje (today) 

ngizokhuluma (I will speak) 

ngokubaluleka kwemidlalo (about the importance of sport) 

ningiboleke izindlebe (please listen; lend me your ears) 

ngento ebalulekile (something important 

imidlalo ehlukahlukene (different sport) 

njengehoki (like hockey) 

okokuqala (firstly 

okwesibili (secondly) 

kufunele bakhethe (they must choose) 

ukutya okunempilo (healthy food) 

ekukwenzeni kuqine(in the making strong) 

sense izimpilo zethu ncono (we improve our health) 

amagilasi amahlanu (five glasses) 

ngelinye ilanga (per day) 

impilo enhle (good health) 

ngiyanibingelela (I greet you) 

uvuna okutshalile (you reap what you sow) 

Uthi bewazi? (Did you know?)
‘mbalwa’(a few) is a Relative stem and was used as follows in Loyiso’s speech: 

abafundi abambalwa  

(a few pupils) 

Relative link or concord for noun class 2 = aba 

  • aba+mbalwa 

Ubuwazi na? (Did you know)
The ‘nga’ used in ‘bangaya’ (question 3 a.) has the English meaning ‘can’ or ‘may’.

= ‘bangaya’ (they can/may go)

umkhombe: rhinocerus
indlulamthi: giraffe
inyathi: buffalo
ingwenya: crocodile
indlovu: elephant
imvubu: hippo
inkawu: monkey
yingwe: zebra
impunzi: buck
ukudansa ndawonye to dance together
kusho umkhombe udiniwe: said the rhinoceros while upset
enomsindo: while angry
ephathini: to the party
wacabanga isu: he thought of a plan
izinduku nezitshalo: sticks and plants
ngokushesha: quickly
zonke izilwanyana: all the animals
ezinezimpondo: who have horns
esikhaleni: suddenly
iphathi yamiswa nci: the party was brought to a standstill
phumani: leave
ngikhumbula: I miss
zavunyelwa: they (the animals) were allowed
yabamnandi: it had been great

coordinated: to move different parts of the body together well or easily

alignment: putting things in their correct position

Did you know?

To help you improve your posture you can walk around with a book on your head.

Female Arabic student balancing big book on head

Can you balance a book on your head?

Khumbula! (Remember!)
‘uThandeka’ is a noun in noun class 1a with the ‘ng’ prefixed in the copulative (nguThandeka: it is Thandeka). 

You will need:

  • large space
  • loose clothes
  • audio equipment
  • ribbons or batons.

Ubusazi? (Did you know?)
‘le’ and ‘ezi’ are known as Demonstrative pronouns – Amabizo okukhomba 

The word ‘zisetafuleni’ is formed by making use of the subject-verb link of noun class 10 and the locative form of the word ‘itafula’. Also note that the ‘s’ is inserted to separate these two.

The noun ‘umndeni’ is in noun class 11 and its plural in noun class 10 ‘imindeni’. 

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)
Nouns in noun class 15 doesn’t have purals. 

Isibonelo: ukufika (arrival)

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)
‘kude’ (it is far) is followed by ‘na’ and is added to the noun it refers to. 

Isibonelo: IKapa ikude kuneKomani. 

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)
The noun ‘izitulo’ (chairs) is a borrowed word from the Afrikaans word ‘stoele’. 

Khumbula! (Remember!)
‘umndeni’ is a noun in noun class 11 and the possessive link is ‘wami’ (mine) 

The ideophone (isifanekisozwi) ‘njalo’ is used when you would like to indicate that something is done persistently. 

Isibonelo: Umndeni wami  uya esontweni njalo. (My family always goes to church.)

Uthi bewazi? (Did you know?)
The word ‘umndeni’ (family) is in noun class 11 and the demonstrative pronoun for this noun class is ‘lo’. 

The demonstrative pronoun ‘le’(this) can also be used with ‘ku’. 

Izibonelo: ‘kulomndeni’ (on this farm / to this farm) 

Khumbula! (Remember!)
‘wami’ is the possessive for noun class 1 and 1a. 

Izibonelo: umkhulu wami (my grandfather) 

Khumbula! (Remember!)
‘yakho’ is a possessive with the meaning ‘‘your’. 

Uthi Bewazi? (Did you know?)
The word ‘zonke’ is a quantitive pronoun and has the English meaning of ‘all’.

Isibonelo: Zonke izinto. (All the things.)

Khumbula! (Remember!)
The nouns in noun class 15 are also regarded as infinitives, e.g., ukubaleka (to run). 

The isiZulu verb for ‘bark’ is ‘khonkotha’. 

Khumbula! (Remember!)
‘wami’ (of mine / my) and ‘lwam’ (of mine / my) are possessives used with nouns in different noun classes.

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)
Some of the isiZulu words for vegetables are borrowed words from English or Afrikaans. It is important that these words are spelled correctly.

Khumbula! (Remember!)
In the word ‘Siseshede’ (We are in the shed.) the ‘s’ is inserted between the subject-verb link and the locative ‘eshedini’ (in the shed). 

The noun ‘isikelo’ (scissors) is a borrowed word from the Afrikaans word ‘sikelo’. 

The word ‘ukunisela’ is the infinitive verb ‘to water’. (Try and pronounce this word as it is a tricky one!)

You will need the following:

  • an open space
  • audio equipment
  • loose clothing

Uthi bewazi? (Did you know?)
The word ‘irosi’ is a borrowed word (igama elibolekiwe) from the English word ‘roses’. The plural is formed by making use of the double ‘ii’ of noun class 10.

Khumbula! (Remember!)
If the subject-verb link ‘ngi’ is replaced with ‘nga’ the sentence is in the Remote past tense.

Isibonelo: Ngabona ijuba. (I saw a dove.)

The word ‘ukuqamba amanga’ (to lie) can be replaced with ‘ukuphosisa’ is often regarded as harsh and rude. 

Uthi bewazi? (Did you know?)
Many of the words used for vegetables in isiZulu are borrowed words from Afrikaans such as, ‘ubhontshisi’ (beans and derived from the Afrikaans word ‘boontjies’). 

The word ‘zekilasi’ in ‘izibani zekilasi’ is in the possessive. The possessive link ‘ze’ is added to the noun ‘iklasi’ to form the word ‘zekilasi’.

Khumbula! (Remember!)
The ‘hl’ in ‘hle’ changes to ‘tl’ if a noun in noun class 10 is described using an adjective. 

Izibonelo: Izindawo ezinhle. (beautiful places) 

The place name for Queenstown in the Eastern Cape is ‘iKomani’. 

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)
The locative form of ‘iKapa’ (Cape Town) is ‘eKapa’ (in Cape Town).

In the word ‘ngiyakukhumbula’ the ‘ku’ is an object-verb link and has the meaning ‘you’ (in the singular). 

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)
If the adjective stem ‘hle’ is used in noun classes 9 and 10 to describe the nouns ‘hl’ will change to ‘tl’. 

Izibonelo (Examples): 

Izinhlanzi zinhle. (Beautiful fish.) 

Ibhasi enhle. (Beautiful bus.) 

Did you know?

The Cuvier’s beaked whale can stay in the water longer than any other animal. 3 hours and 42 minutes!

source: wikimedia.org
A Cuvier’s beaked whale.

Khumbula! (Remember!)
The noun ‘isithelo’ (prefix ‘isi’) is a noun in noun class 7 with the plural noun in noun class 8 ‘izithelo’ (prefix ‘izi’).

sweltering: very hot

Did you know?

Table Mountain is more than 260 million years old. Table Mountain is six times older than the Himalayas and five times older than the Rocky Mountains!

Khumbula! (Remember!)
‘yam’ is a possessive with the meaning ‘mine’.

Did you know?

The cheetah’s “tear marks” run from the inside corners of their eyes to the outside edges of their mouth. These marks help reflect the sun’s glare when hunting during the day.

African cheetah looking for enemies or prey and rests at the Serengeti savannah, Tanzania.

Cheetahs can run very fast.

The word ‘amakhilomitha’ is a borrowed word (igama lemboleko) – from English. 

appliance: a device that helps with household chores

downwind: in the same direction, the wind is blowing, with the wind from behind

dishonour: to cause someone to lose honour or reputation; disgrace; shame

crucified: putting to death by nailing or binding the wrist, hands, and feet to a cross

charity: giving help to those in need of it

fasting: to go without food

pilgrimage: a journey. to a holy place is called a pilgrimage. A person who makes such a journey is a pilgrim

ancestors: a person who was in someone’s family in past times

philosophy: the study of the basic ideas about knowledge, truth, right and wrong

Did you know?

More than 90% of people in sub-Saharan Africa are Christian, and more than 90% of people in the rest of Africa are Muslim.

Two hands are in prayer while resting on the Bible

It is important to respect other people’s religious beliefs.

Did you know?

In Spain people greet each other and say goodbye with a kiss on each cheek.

gorgeous Spain flag painted on a wood plank texture

Do you know anyone who has been to Spain?

tradition: the handing down of information, beliefs, or customs from one generation to another

artefact: a man-made object, such as pieces of art or tools, that is of cultural, historical or archaeological interest

oral tradition: the stories, beliefs, etc., that a group of people share by telling stories and talking to each other

status: position or rank in relation to others

ancestor: a person who was in someone’s family in past times

descendent: a person’s descendants are their children, their children’s children, and all the people who live after them who are related to them

Khumbula! (Remember!)
‘mina’ is used for emphasis and refers to the mother in the dialogue where she says ‘mina, ngizoqala’ (as for me, I will start) It is known as a pronoun. (ibizo loqobo)

The ‘m’ in ‘ngizomvusa’ is an object concord and refers to a noun in noun class 1(a).

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)
‘za’ and ‘ku’ indicates that the Future tense has been used.

Isibonelo: Sizoya esontweni. (We will go to church.)

Khumbula! (Remember!)
A verb in the present tense will in most cases end in ‘a’ except for verbs such as ‘thi’ and ‘azi’.

If the verbal extension ‘ana’ is added to the verb the meaning of ‘doing something together’ is expressed.

Umzekelo: Siyaculelana. (We are singing together.)

‘usuku’ (a day) used with the copulative ‘y’ (yimini) has the meaning ‘it is a day’

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)
The noun ‘izitulo’ is a noun in noun class 8 and the relative link is ‘ezi’

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)
The word for church is ‘isonto’ but if you say ‘on Sunday’ you use ‘esontweni’.

The word ‘nedolobha’ is formed by adding ‘na’ to the word ‘ídolobho’ (a+a=e)

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)
The word ‘kude’(far) is followed by ‘na’.

Umzekelo (Example): Ifamu kamkhulu ikude nedolobho. (Grandfather’s farm is far from town.)

In the negative form of the recent past tense the noun following ‘anga’ will not be used with its initial vowel(s).

Isibonelo: Izolo angisenganga nkomo. (Yesterday I was not milking the cow.)

Uthi bewazi? (Did you know?)
In the word ‘Sibabonile’ (We saw them’.) the ‘ba’ is the object concord and refer to ‘them’.

The word ‘wozani’ is a plural command. (Come here both of you.)

Uthi bewazi? (Did you know?)
Nouns in noun class 14 with the prefix ‘ubu’ and ‘ub’ are mostly abstract nouns such as ‘ubuhle’ (beauty) and ‘ubuntu’ (humanity).

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)
The word ‘le’ is a demonstrative pronoun. If the demonstrative pronoun is used with a noun, the initial vowel (or two) is removed.

e.g., Lendlu(this house)

        Le ngadi (this garden)

Uthi bewazi? (Did you know?)
When using ‘ma’ (let) the verb must end in ‘e’ as it is in the subjunctive mood.

Isibonelo (example): Masihambe. (Let us walk.)

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)
The word ‘umfula’ (river) in the dimunitive form is ‘umfula’ (small river) – ‘mb’ changes to ‘nj’ + ana; umfula omncane.

‘ph’ palatalises to ‘tsh’ in the word umndeni e.g., ‘emumndenini’ (in the family)

Ubusazi na?
Ungcoliseko luyingozi kuthi nakwizilwanyana.

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)

If you want to say ‘let us eat’ use ‘ma’ as follows: 

Masidle. (Let us eat.) 

Masiye. (Let us go.) 

Please note that the verb is now in the subjunctive mood(Isimo sokuzithoba) . 

The ‘si’ refers to ‘us’. Please note that ‘masidle’ (let us eat) is written as one word in isiZulu. 

Khumbula! (Remember!)
If the ‘a’ of ‘ngo’ coalesces with the ‘u’ of ‘uphuthu’ the ‘a’ and the ‘u’ becomes ‘o’ and the word ngophuthu is formed.

The word ‘ngophuthu’ is formed as follows: ‘ngo’ (with) + uphuthu = ngophuthu (with traditional porridge)

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)

The word ‘ukudla’ can be used as a noun in noun class 15 as well as an infinitive 

Izibonelo (Examples):
Ngithanda ukudla uphuthu. (I like to eat porridge.)
Sithenga ukudla ezitolo. (We buy food in the shops.)

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)
The negative of the infinitive is formed as follows:

uku + nga + verb + i-ending to verb

Izibonelo:
ukungasebenzi (not to work)
ukungayi (not to go)

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)
The word ‘izimbali’ translated into English is ‘a flower’, ‘the flower’ or simply ‘flower’.

Khumbula! (Remember!)
he verb ‘thanda’ can be translated into English meaning ‘love’ or ‘like

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)
The noun for the word ‘flower’ is ‘izimbali’ but the verb ‘flower’ in isiXhosa is ‘dubula’. The verb ‘dubula’ also means ‘shoot’.

Khumbula! (Remember!)
In the sentence ‘Ubhuti uqokelela amhlamvu engadini.’
The ‘u’ added to the verb ‘qokelela’ is the subject-verb link and links the subject of the sentence (ubhuti) to the verb ‘qokelela’.

A synonym for ‘ubaba’ (father) is ‘uyise’. 

The word for kitchen is ‘igumbi lokuphekela’ (the room of cooking for’ but the borrowed word ‘ikhishi’ is also used. Please note that the plural form of ‘ikhishi’ is ‘amakhishi’. 

Khumbula! (Remember!)
Nouns in noun class 9 start with the prefixes ‘i’, ‘im’ or ‘in’. Here are some examples:
Isitolo (shop)
intombi (girl)
imfundo (education)

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)
The word ‘unezitolo’ is formed as follows:
u (he or she) + na (has or have) + tolo (shops)
= unezitolo (she or he has shops)
The prefix ‘ii’ of the word ‘izitolo’ joins with the ‘a’ of ‘na’ and changes to the ‘e’.

namhlanje: today
kusasa: tomorrow
ngempela sonto: during the weekend
olwandle: at/to the beach
kulungile: it is fine
cabanga (think)
cela (request)
ncoma (praise)
cosha (pick up)

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)
The ‘c’ in the isiZulu alphabet is classified as a click.
Read and repeat these words focusing on the pronunciation of this click sound. You should visit the previous lesson where we listened to the three clicks in isiZulu and practise the ‘c’ click a few times!

ngabazali (they are parents)
lona ubaba (this is father)
lona umama (this is mother)
umusa (friendliness)
banomusa (they are with friendliness)
isithunzi (stature)
abanesithunzi (who are with stature)
abayajabula (who are happy)
ngiyabathanda (I love them)
thanda (like or love)
ndiyabakhetha (I chose them)
khetha (chose)

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)

  • Let’s look at the following examples used in the telephone conversations above:

a. ‘uBrian’ (‘u’ is added to the front of the noun in class 1a) The meaning changes to ‘it is Brian’ or ‘by Brian’.
b. ‘nginguBrian’ (The subject-verb link is now also used with the copulative.) The meaning is now ‘I am Brian’.

Khumbula! (Remember!)
If you start your sentence with somebody’s name (which is a noun in noun class 1a), make sure you write the ‘u’ and the first letter of the person’s name in capital letters.

Isibonelo (example):
UThandeka uthole ukudla.

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)

The noun extension or suffix ‘kazi’ can be used to indicate female.

Izibonelo (examples):
uthisha (teacher)
uthishelakazi (female teacher)

Khumbula! (Remember!)
The negative link for class 1 and 1a is ‘aka’. If the verb is a stative verb the verb-ending ‘ile’ is removed and replaced with ‘anga’.

Umhumusho kaKatatsi (Katatsi translation)
pheka: cook
ini: what
uphuthu: traditional porridge
kuhle: great / well done
ukudla: to eat / food
kulungile: it is fine
amasi: clabber
ngamasi: with clabber
ngobisi: with milk
uphuthu namasi: traditional porridge and clabber
egunjini lokudlela: dining room

The verb ‘fikile’ (has arrived) is written in the Recent past tense where the verb ends in ‘ile’ and not the regular ‘a’ of the present tense.

Umhumusho kaKatatsi (Katatsi translation)
intwasahlobo ifikile: spring has arrived
kumnandi: it is nice / pleasant
izimbali zinhle: the flowers are beautiful
izihlahla ziyahluma: the trees are sprouting
efamu: to the farm
izimbali zasendle: the wildflowers
ngiyakukhumbula: I am longing to see you

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)
The address (idilesi) you write on a postcard is the address of the person you are writing to.

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)
If the verbal extension ‘ana’ is added to the verb the meaning changes completely. It changes to ‘something people do together’ or ‘something people do to each other’. Add ‘ana’ to the ending of the verb and omit the final vowel.

Izibonelo (Examples):
Siyadlalana.  (We play together.)
Bayasebenzisana. (They work together.)

Khumbula! (Remember!)
The subject-verb link links the subject to the verb or the locative construction. See the following examples where the subject-verb-links are highlighted.

  1. Inja isekhaya. (The dog is at home.)
  2. Ubaba usebenza eKapa. (Father works in Cape Town.)
  3. Abantwana bahlala egunjini lokudlela. (The children sit in the dining room.)

Khumbula! (Remember!)
If any of the numbers one to six are used with a specific noun you need to use the correct link or concord determined by the noun being described. Determine the noun class first followed by the adjective stem (the numbers 1-6). The link or concord is added to the adjective stems.

Isibonelo (Example): igumbi elihle. (the beautiful room)

‘hle’ is the adjective stem and ‘eli’ the link determined by the noun ‘igumbi’ in noun class 5.

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)
The word for father in isiZulu is ‘ubaba’. This noun is in the singular form. Its plural form is ‘obaba’. The prefix of the noun ‘ubaba’ (the ‘u’) is removed and replaced with the prefix ‘o’ which indicates that this noun is in the plural and in a different noun class. Adding the copulative link to the front of the noun, changes the meaning completely, for example ubaba (father) wubaba (It is father).

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)

If you speak to somebody directly or address somebody directly remember to omit the initial vowel as follows:

Isibonelo: Sawubona, gogo. (not ‘Sawubona ugogo’)

Uthi bewazi? (Did you know?)

Please note that the word for zebra is ‘idube’

Please note that in the ‘intsomi’ (the story) the animals are named as proper nouns using all subject-verb links of noun class 1(a)

Isibonbonelo: idube neNkawu baya ephathini.

(Zebra and monkey went to the party.)

Funda lezenzo! (Learn these verbs!)
hamba: go
thanda: like
bona: see
jabula: be happy
vakasha: visit
bhukuda: swim
thenga: buy

Ubuwazi na? (Did you know?)
Please note that the words for different colours describing the nouns are known as relatives.

A relative link or concord is used determined by the noun and it’s noun class.

The noun ‘iNgubo’ is a noun in noun class 9 and the relative link is ‘e’.

The noun ‘izichathulo’is a noun in noun class 8 and it’s relative link is ‘ezi’.

Izibonelo (Examples)

iNgubo ebomvu (red dress)
izichathulo ezihlaza (green shoes)

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)
The word ‘kukhona’ (there is or there are) is used in the present tense. The negative form or when you would like to say ‘there are not’ or ‘there is not’ use the negative form ‘akukho’.

Umbuzo (Question)
Kukhona umbhede kulomfanekiso olandelayo? (Is there a bed in the following picture?)

Impendulo (Answer):
Cha, awukho umbhede. (No, there is not.)

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)
The subject verb-link can also be used with ‘kho’ or ‘khona’.

Isibonelo (example): Inja ikhona. (The dog is present / here.)

The subject-verb link ‘i’ is used with ‘khona’ and refers to the noun ‘inja’.

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)
The words you could use for the English word ‘spring’. Is ‘intwasahlobo’.
Nansi ividiyo yentwasahlobo:

https://cubclub.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/springtime-birds-migration-northern-parula-warbler-4k-SBV-323225413-HD.mp4

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)
‘Isitambu’ is a very traditional and popular dish, sometimes enjoyed with beans (‘amabhontshisi’).

Khumbula! (Remember!)
Remember the noun ‘imfundiso’ a lesson, is derived from the verb ‘fundisa’ which means teach

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)
That the word ‘ulwandle’ means ‘the beach’ or ‘sea’ in isiZulu

Khumbula! (Remember!)
Remember not to add vowels when combining ‘na’ with the noun following in ‘negative’

Bewazi? (Did you know?)
That the word ‘umusa’ means ‘kindness’

Khumbula! (Remember!)
Remember the word bamba can mean hold or catch

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)
That the name ‘Linda’ means ‘wait’

Khumbula! (Remember!)
Remember a statement could be a question if you put the question mark at the end of it ie. Uyashayela? (Are you driving?) but Uyashayela with no question mark is a statement meaning ‘you are driving’ 

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)
That can come before or after the noun ie. ‘bonke abantwana’ or ‘abantwana bonke’

Khumbula! (Remember!)
Remember ‘wonke’ can mean ‘all/every/the whole’

Ubusazi na?
Yenye yonyoka ezinobungozi ehlabathini. Xa ikunqolile kufuneka ukhawuleze udibane nogqirha.

Khumbula!
Besithe umlinganiswa ibali lingqonge yena.

Did you know?

Circuit training burns a lot of calories and helps you get fit.

Inja – Dog
Amathambo – Bones
Ukudlala – To play
Ukujula – To throw
Ibala – Field
Qengqeleka – Rolled
Ihlathi – Forest
Iphimpi – Cobra
Amagwebu – Foam

Did you know?

Sometimes, BODMAS is called PEMDAS. It still means the same thing. In some countries, they call brackets parenthesis. The E stands for exponents. We use an O because it can also be squares and roots.

Did you know?

The symbol we use for rate is /
Example: R2/apple. Which means it costs R2 for one apple

Phuza: drink (verb)
Isiphuzo: drink (noun)

‘Iziphuzo’ is a plural of the word ‘isiphuzo’

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)

That the word ‘izimpahla zoku’ means a costume?

Ubungani: friendship
Isiphuzo: a cold drink
Yinhl: beautiful

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)

That isimo sezulu/izulu is weather

Amanzi olwandle: sea water
Banda: cold
Uchwepheshe: an expert
Iminyaka: years
Indawo yokuqala: first place
Emncintiswaneni: competition
Izimpahla zokubhukuda: swimming costume
Umbala: colour
Ubungani: friendship

The word ‘Umzansi Afrika’ is South Africa

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)

That ‘ukubhukuda’ and ‘swima’ are synonyms for swimming or to swim

Chaza: explain
Bhukha: book (verb)
Pheka: cook
Shayela: drive

The locative ‘ehhotela’ means ‘at the hotel’

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)

That both verbs ‘khokha’ and ‘hlawula’ means pay

Ikheli: an adress
Isingeniso: an introduction
Okuqhukethwe: a content
Isiphetho: end/ing
Ubungani: friendship
Isithandwa: lover

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)

That the word ‘itshomi’ is an informal word for ‘umngani’

Abantu: people
Abashayeli: drivers
izithuthi: transport

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)

That eDubai is a place name and is in locatives hence the ‘e’ in front

Indawo yokuhlala/izindawo zokuhlala: accomodation/s
Intengiso: sale
Izithuthi: transport
eziningi: a lot

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)

That izindawo zokuhlala are ‘places of staying’ meaning ‘accomodations’

Cebo:plan/ing
Izindawo: places
Esikhumulweni sezindiza: At the airport
Umlungiseleli wohambo: travel agent
Siza: help
Ngingakusiza: Can I help you?
Buza: ask
Indiza: an airoplane
Isaphulelo: a discount
Inyanga: month/moon
Imephu: map

The word ‘sa’ is take but take something or someone from one place to another but’sa’ in a different context could mean ‘still’ ie. Ngisafunda: I am still studying

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)

That the sentence ‘angikuthandi ukudla’ could mean ‘I do not like to eat’ or ‘I do not like food’

Buka: look
Lana: here
Indlu: house
Isihlahla: a tree
Umnyango: door

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)

That Phakathi coulod mean between or inside

dlisa: feed
Isingeniso sedayari: Diary entry
Idayari: diary
Zizwa:feel
Ulimi olungahlelekile: informal language
Vela: must appear/ let it appear

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)

That a diary entry is like a journal

lwa: fight
wa: fall

Umphathi is a manager or a boss

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)

That you can definitely know that ‘za’ is a latent ‘i’ verb when you are not using it in a command ie. umama uyeza (u+ya+(i)za)

Uthi bewazi?

Abantwana banamakhono ahlukahlukene. La makhono adinga ukukhuthazwa nokunakekelwa kusukela ebuncaneni babo abantwana. Lokhu kusiza ekutheni umntwana akhule ezazi ukuthi uzolandela muphi umgudu ekuphileni kwakhe. 

Umsebenzi: work (noun)
Imisebenzi: work (noun)
-sebenza: work (verb)
Umsebenzi: worker
Abasebenzi: workers
Vuna: harvest

‘Imfuyo’ is livestock from a verb ‘fuya’ breed

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)

That the noun ‘umsebenzi’ has different meanings. It can be ‘a worker’ or ‘work’

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)

That the word ‘vuma’ is agree, when you say ‘imfuyo ikuvumile’ it literally means the livestock has agreed with you meaning it has increased or agreed to increase

Umphathi: manager
Abasebenzi: workers
Isivuno: harvest
Imfuyo: livestock
Iharigi: rake
Amawele: twins
Nyuka:increase/ go up
-anda: enlarge/increase
Imvu: sheep
Khonkotha: barks
Iholo: salaries
Kakhulu: very/ a lot
Bonga: thankful/grateful

Umphathi is a manager

Remember:

Breaking down and building up.
First, we break down each number into place value parts.
Then, we group the place value parts together in brackets.
Next, we add the place value parts that are in brackets.
Finally, we build up the answer by adding the place value parts.

Rounding off and compensating.
We round down for 1, 2, 3 and 4.
We round up for 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9.
If you round up, you compensate by subtracting.
If you round down, you compensate by adding.

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)

That another isiZulu word for a farmer is umlimi in class 1 with the plural in class 2

Yeba: steal
Wela: cross (river)
Ngena: enter/ come in

Abalimi are farmers

The word ‘themba’ could mean trust or hope

Qaphela: take note/ consider
Cabangela:consideration
Ukuhlukunyezwa: to abuse
Impatho embi: abuse
Yezilwanyana: of animal
Ubiko: to report
Loludaba: this matter

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)

That the language used in a formal letter is not the same as the one used in a friendly letter

Thola: get

‘Beletha’ is a verb meaning carry on back but is similar to the word ‘baleka’ meaning run

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)

That yiqiniso is in copulative meaning ‘it is true’ but the word ‘iqiniso’ means true

Sifunde okuningi: We have learnt a lot.
Abafana: boys
Amantombazane: young girls
Siqedile: We finished
Kimi: to me
Nyuka: go up
Lapha yana: over there
Umculo: music
Phaka: dish up
Lungisa: fix / get ready
Imisinga: currents
Emuva kwehora: after an hour

Qoqa means clean (verb) 

Iya: (go destination)
Hamba: go (no destination)/ travel/ walk
Hlaba: slaughter

The verbs ‘bhukuda’ and ‘qubha’ are synonyms meaning ‘swim’

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)

That although umfamu is a human in class 1 the plural is amafama

Ujakalasi: the jackal
Ikameli: the camel
Umoba: sugar cane
Umfula: the river
Emfuleni: in the river
Insimi: field
Gibela: climb
Emqolo: on back
Hlaba: slaughter
Ngale nkathi: at this time
Beletha: carry on back
Ngaphesheya komfula: across the river

That stative verbs are expressed in the recent past tense which is also known as the perfect tense

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)

That ‘uJakalasi and Ikameli’ are personified because they are portrayed as talking and thinking like humans

Xoxa: chat 

Khuluma: speak/talk 

Ngasolwandle : near the sea/beach  

Tshela : tell 

Vakashela: a visit 

The word ubuhle means beauty 

Inkinga : problem 

Ulimi: tongue / language 

Umshayeli : driver 

‘Chat’ is ‘xoxa’ 

Umshayeli: driver 

Xoxa: chat 

Banda: cold 

Shisa: hot 

Tshela : tell 

Umngani: friend 

Othisha: teachers 

The word ‘wosa’ is a vowel verb meaning a braai  

The word Jografi is a borrowed word meaning Geography 

Amantombazane: girls
Imindeni: families
Ngamaholidi: during the holidays

In the word ‘eMpuma-Koloni’ the verb ‘phuma’ is used to indicate ‘the rising of the sun’.

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)

The subject verb link for the Present tense, Recent past and Future tense are the same used in the positive and the negative.

The word ‘iresturenti’ is a borrowed word from the English word ‘restaurant’.

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)

The word ‘uhambo’ (journey) is derived from the verb ‘hamba’ with the meaning ‘walk’.

Izibhamu: guns 

Isibhamu: gun 

Gcina: keep 

Ububona: you were seeing.
Bengibona: I was seeing.
Bengiya: you were going.
Besiya: we were going.
Besiya: they were visiting.
Izindawo: places
kakhulu: a lot

The synonym for the verb ‘Isidlo sasemini’ is the borrowed word ‘ilantshi’ (lunch).

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)

If a sentence is written in the Present tense negative form the verb ends in ‘i’ and the noun following the negative form is written without its initial vowel or vowels.

Gogo engimuthandayo: dear grandmother
Sifike: we arrived.
Ehhotela: at the hotel
Namhlanje: today
Izindawo ezinhle: beautiful places
Ngicabanga: I think.
Kuzoba mnandi: it will be pleasant.
Kuzoba nzima: it will be difficult.
Thumela: send to

All words for different colours are Relatives.

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)

‘mina’ is known as a pronoun and is used for emphasis.
Isibonelo: Mina, ngibhalela ugogo wami incwadi. (As for me, I am writing grandmother a letter.)

Inja is a dog 

Ekuseni: in the morning
Sebenza: work
Fika: arrive.
Gqekeza: break in
Endlini: into the house / in the house
Namhlanje: today
Ngena: enter.
Phekela: cook for
Iphalishi: porridge

The verb ‘thanda’ has the meanings ‘love’ or ‘like’.

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)

When you write a sentence into the Future tense one of the following changes to the Present tense sentence can be made.

Inkathi yamanje (Present tense):
UThandeka uthanda ubaba wakhe. (Thandeka loves her father.)

Inkathi ezayo (Future tense):
UThandeka uzo thanda ubaba wakhe.

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)

The noun ‘Umfaniswano’ is derived from the verb ‘gqoka’ (put on or dress).

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)

The noun ‘Umfaniswano’ is derived from the verb ‘gqoka’ (put on or dress).

Isela: a thief 

Isigebengu is a thief 

Following the word ‘kufanele’ the verb is in the subjunctive mood and ends in ‘e’.

Ngiyasebenza: I am working.
Awusabi: are you not afraid.
Angisabi: I am not afraid.
Ngemuva koku hamba: after leaving.
Ngaphambi kokuya: before leaving.
Amanye amaphoyisa: other police.
Ukudla kwase kuseni: breakfast
Kulungile: it is fine.

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)

The word ‘ukudla kwa sekuseni’ (breakfast) is often replaced with the borrowed word ‘ibhulakufesi’.

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)

‘Iphoyisa’ is a noun in noun class 5 with its plural (‘Amaphoyisa’) in noun class 6

Ubufakazi: it is evidence.
Ukudla: it is food.
Iphoyisa: it is a policeman.
Yijele: it is a prison.

The negative of the word ‘Izidakamizwa’ (drugs) is ‘akusizo izidakamizwa’

Amaphoyisa amabili: two policemen
Ingozi enkulu: big accident
Kulungile: it is fine.
Masisheshe: let us hurry.
Ngizokuvikela: I will protect you.
Ngiyabonga: I thank you.
Kule ndawo: to this place

‘athi’ is also a vowel commencing verb – note that this verb also ends in ‘i’ and not the regular ‘a’ ending of most verbs used in the present tense.

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)

The word ‘emgwaqeni’ is borrowed from the Afrikaans word ‘straat’ (road).

Sikhombisa: seven 

Sishagalombili: eight 

Sishagalolunye: nine 

Shumi: ten 

Banzi: wide 

Mhlophe: white 

The word ‘mnyama’ means ‘black’ 

Izidakamizwa: drugs 

Umatasatasa: busy 

Izigebengu: thieves 

Sonke: all of us 

The verb ‘sebenza’ means work 

Ima: stand/stop 

Ngaki: how many 

Xoxa: chat 

Iphoyisa is a policeman 

Did you know?

Sergei Prokofiev wrote the story and composed the music for Peter and the Wolf in two weeks for a children’s theatre in Moscow.

Have you ever seen a Wolf?

Inyanga: month 

Matewu: Mathew 

Amanzi: water 

Phuza: drink (cold) 

Incwadi: book 

Intshumayelo: preaching 

Izwa: hear 

Yonke into: everything 

The word ‘hleba’ means gossip 

Did you know?

There is a mass in the North Pacific Ocean called the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. It is also referred to as the Pacific trash vortex. The mass consists of litter, specifically of plastic. Some of the plastic particles are eaten by marine animals, and other animals get caught in it and are strangled to death. We must avoid littering, stop using plastic and aim to reduce, reuse and recycle.

Watch this video for more information.

Did you know?

Rigel is the brightest star in the constellation of Orion and the seventh brightest star in the sky.

Did you know? 

This maple seed will be dispersed by the wind.

maple

Did you know?

Mother Theresa was a Roman Catholic nun who had compassion for others. She spent most of her life helping the poor and sick in Calcutta in India.

Mother Theresa

 

Did you know?

Shot put first appeared in the Olympic Games for men in 1896.

The ball must not be lower than the shoulder.

Hleba: gossip 

The word ‘thumela’ means send 

Nhle: beautiful 

Ntsha: young/fresh 

Isahluko: chapter 

Ivesi: verse 

‘Nayi’ is ‘here is’ 

Umshumayeli: the preacher 

Shumayela: preach 

UNkulunkulu: God 

Cula: sing 

Isipho: gift 

The word ‘ukushumayela’ means to preach 

Sithupha: six 

Ibhayibheli: bible 

Thandaza: pray 

Umthandazo: a prayer 

Umfundisi: the pastor 

Amalungu esonto: church members 

Ibandla: congregation 

Kangaka: so much 

Izwi: a voice  

Izono: sins 

Ibandla: congregation 

‘Amalungu esonto’ are church members 

Ukushona kwelanga: sunset
Abekho: they are not present
Futhi: again
Buya: come back
Bayasebenzisana: they work together
Imithi: medicine
Kuze: until
Noma: or
Njengoba nazi: as you all know

‘gula’ means sick 

Umfana: a young man

Odokotela is a plural word for doctors

Ikhadi: card 

The word ‘odokotela’ means ‘doctors.’ 

The verb ‘thengisa’ (buy) is the opposite (isichasi) of ‘thenga’ (buy). The verbal extension ‘isa’ replaces the final vowel (‘a’) of the verb ‘thenga’.

Ngithenga: I buy
Esitolo sikababa : at father’s shop
Uthengisa: he sells
Izinto eziningi: many things
Obaba: fathers
Amabhulukwe amaningi: many pants
Ukudla: food
Kulesi sitolo sikababa: at this shop of father
Amantombazane: the girls
Umntwana udla: the baby eats
Isaladi lezithelo: vegetable salad

Kodwa: but
Akathandi: does not like
Kulesi sitolo: at this shop
Abafuni: they do not want
Bathanda ukudla: they like to eat
Upheka: he or she cooks
Lezi zithelo: these fruits
Ngithanda: I like

The noun ‘uthando’ (love) is derived from the verb ‘thanda’ (love / like).

Isiguli sangaphakathi: An inpatient
Isiguli sangaphandle: An outpatient

The word ‘hlola’ means examine 

Udokotela: doctor
Umhlengikazi: nurse
Isiguli: patient
Isibhedlela: hospital
Hlola: examine
Isiguli sokuqala: first patient
Umqolo: back (ache)
Buhlungu: sore
Imbangela: the cause
Hlaba: inject
Inaliti: an injection

Udokotela is a doctor 

Ubuwazi?

The isiZulu for ‘in Johannesburg’ is ‘eGoli’. (at or in the place of gold)

The adverbs ‘ngolonwabu’ (slowly) and ’ngokushesha’ (quickly) are synonyms.

Isikhathi yokuvula: opening time
Isikhathi yokuvala: closing time.
Ikheli: address
Uma uthenga amabili uthola eyodwa mahala: If you buy two you get one free.
Inombolo yocingo: phone number
Sikuphi lesi sitolo: where is this shop
Thenga lana! Buy here! (plural command)
Woza lana! Come here! (plural command)

Kunye: one
Kubili: two
Kuthathu: three
Kune: four
Kuhlanu: five
Yisithupha: six

If the demonstrative pronoun ‘le’ is used with a noun the initial vowel of the noun is ommitted.
Isibonelo: (Example)
Isitolo. (This shop.)

-Ntsha: new
-Ndala: old
-Nkulu: big
-Ncane: small
-Nde: long
-Mfishane: short
-Nhle: beautiful

The word ‘Amatafula’ (tables) is a borrowed word from the Afrikaans word ‘tafula’.

Wena ungubani?: Who are you?
Namhlanje: today
Sizofunda: we will learn
Namhlanje: today
Ngezenzo: about verbs
Sebenzisa: use
Umyalelo: in a command
Usebenzile: well done
Beka incwadi etafuleni: put the book on the table
Uzophumelela emaqabungeni esihlahla: you will succeed (high up in the leaves of a tree) very well
Ngiyathemba: I am hoping
Insimbi iyakhala: the bell is ringing
Nawe: and you

The word ‘incwadi’ is a noun in noun class 9 with the prefix (isimaphambili) ‘in’.

Ngigibela ibhasi ngiye kwadokotela: I ride the bus and go to the doctor.
Esibhedlela: the hospital
Bagula kakhulu: they are very ill
USipho ugula kakhulu uphuza amaphilisi: Sipho is very sick and drinks pills.
Ucela usizo: he requests help
Isitimela: train
Nje: so / like so
Otshanini: on the grass
Thatha: take
Lama philisi: these pills
Ngena uhlale phansi: Enter and sit down.
Ngisakhwehlela: I am still coughing.
Ukuthenga: to buy
Yimalini: how much is it
Ukukunika: to give you
Ngiyakubonga: I thank you

The words ‘fa’ (die) and ‘Shonile’ (die) are synonyms.

Phonsa ilitshe: throw the stone
Emanzini: into the water
Baleka kakhulu: runs hard
Sibona: we see
Emfanekisweni: in the picture
ngemifula: about rivers
Amaphoyisa ayasivikela: police protect us
ipoyisa lisiza: the policeman assists

‘Izindlela’ is the word for ‘roads’ and ‘ezindleleni’ is the locative form and has the meaning ‘in the roads’

Ngiya: I go
Nginomkhuhlane: I have flu
Ngiphethwe yikhanda: I have a headache
Ubuhlungu: pain
Ukhathazekile: you, she or he is concerned
Ngisembhedeni: I am in bed
Ngizizwa: I feel
Ngingcono: better
Kusasa: tomorrow

The word ‘nginekhanda’ is formed by making use of ‘na’ in the following way:
Ngi (I) + ne (has or have) + khanda (a head) = nginekhanda
(a+a=a)

Uya: he or she goes
Kuphi: where
Kufanele: must / have to
Phuza: drink
Kudokotela: to the doctor
Amaphilisi: pills
Kathathu ngosuku: three times per day
Amalanga amabili: two days
Hamba: return home
Bahlala: they live

The word for ‘nurse’ is either ‘umhlengikazi’ or the borrowed word ‘unesi’.

Did you know?

The wheels on the Moon Buggy were made of woven piano wires.

Did you know?

The planet Neptune has supersonic winds.

Neptune

Scientists have sent spacecraft to Mars to try and find out more about the planet.

mars rover

The Curiosity Mars Rover exploring the surface.

Angiphilanga: I am not fine
Ngiphethwe ikhanda: I have a headache
Qala: start
Ekuseni: in the morning
Unamakhaza: he or she has a cold
Kufuneka usele: you must drink
Amaphilisi: pills
Amaphilisi amabili kathathu ngelanga: two pills three times a day
Esibhedlela: at the hospital
Ekhemisi: at the chemist

‘amaphilisi’ (pills) is a noun in noun class 10 and ‘amaphilisi’ (medicines) a noun in noun class 6.

The word ‘amaswidi’ (sweets) is a borrowed word and borrowed from the Afrikaans word ‘lekkers’.

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)

If you use a mono-syllabic verb in an instruction or command, you must use ‘yi’ as follows:
Idla ukudla kwakho! (Eat your food!)
Ima lapha! (Wait here!)

Unebhayisikili: she or he has a bicycle
Iluhlaza: is green
Nomngani wakhe: with her friend
La bantwana: these children
Edolobheni: to town
Ukuya: to go
Olwandle: to the sea
Ibhayisikili liyagijima: the bicycle went fast
Kakhulu: very
Ukuwa: fall
we: fell
kodwa: but
Khala: cry
Khalile: cried
Ujabulile: he or she is happy
Leli bhayisikili: this bicycle
Umngani weqiniso: a true friend

Uyayazi? (Did you know?)

The word ‘kakhulu’ is an adverb and describes the verb.

Isikhangiso: advertisement
Isitolo samabhayisikili: bicycle shop
Wozani nonke kulesi sitolo: all of you come to this shop
Izitolo zemidlalo: shops of Game
Ezitolo: these shops
Ekuseni: in the morning
Kusihlwa: during the evening
Zishibile: they are cheap
Walala wasala: if you snooze you loose
Iwashi: a watch
Mahhala: for free

UThandeka unebhayisikili elincane. (Thandeka has a small bicycle.)

Leli bhayisikili linamasondo amancane . (This bicycle has small wheels.)

Umntwana uthanda leli bhayisikili lakhe. (The child likes this bicycle.)

Isikole sethu yisikole esincane. (Our school is a small school.)

UThandeka ubeka ibhayisikili lakhe phezu kwetafula elincane. (Thandeka puts her bicycle on top of the small table.)

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)

The word for bicycles is ‘amabhayisikili’. This is a noun in noun class 10 and has the prefix ‘ii’. The dimunitive form is ‘amabhayisikili amancane’. (small bicycles)

Unjani: how are you
Uyile: you went
Utholile: found
Uyitholile: you found it
Kubaba: from father
Ngebhayisikili: by bicycle
Ngani: how / by means of what
Shesha: hurries / go fast
Mntanami: my child
Ngiyajabula: I am happy
Khumbula: remember
Gcina: keep
Kulungile: it is fine
Leli bhayisikilii: this bicycle
Lincane: is small

The word ‘ibhayisikili’ is a borrowed word from English derived from the word ‘bicycle’.

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)

The word ‘yami’ is a possessive formed by adding the possessive link ‘ya’ to the possessive ‘m’ to form ‘yami’ , which directly translates to ‘of mine’.

Did you know?

Shock therapy describes a set of techniques used in psychiatry to treat depressive disorder or other illnesses, by inducing seizures or other extreme brain states. It was invented in the 1930s and not really used anymore, as other, better forms of treatment now exist.

Did you know?
When we read information texts, the content is factual; it is non-fiction. There will always be a title which tells us what the text is about. Sometimes there are sub-titles for different sections and pictures to support the information.

Information books and online resources can include some or all of the following elements.

Remember:
To work with different units of measure for liquids, convert to ml, do the calculation and then convert back to litres.

Remember:
That all grid references start with the column and then the row.

Did you know?
You will also work with grids in Geography, when you use maps to find the locations of cities and other landmarks.

Remember
When we list factors, we separate them with a comma.

For example, the factors of 9 are 1, 3, 9

geometric pattern: a collection of shapes which are repeated to create a pattern

constant difference: the constant difference between two consecutive terms in a pattern

Maandag – Monday

Dinsdag – Tuesday

Woensdag – Wednesday

Donderdag – Thursday

Vrydag – Friday

Saterdag – Saturday

Sondag – Sunday

een week – one week

son – sun

maan – moon

knaag – nibble

gaatjie – whole

cocoon – kokon / papie

appel – apple

pruim – prune

aarbei – strawberry

lemoen – orange

waatlemoen – watermelon

koek – cake

roomys – icecream

agurkie – pickle

kaas – cheese

salamie – salami

suigstokkie – lollipop

worsie – sausage

kolwyntjie – cup cake

een – one

twee – two

drie – three

vier – four

vyf – five

kruip: crawl

swaar: difficult

buite: outside

doodgaan: die

Remember:

To use the BODMAS rule to solve maths problems.

B = brackets

O = of

D = divide

M = multiply

A = add

S = subtract

gestroop: poached

swartrenoster: black rhinosorus

witrenoster: white rhinororus

statistieke: statistics

sebra: zebra

bobbejaan: baboon

luiperd: leopard

kameelperd: giraffe

kameel: camel

horings: horns

herbivoor: herbivore

nek: neck

langste: longest

Did you know?

Het jy geweet dat die kameelperd die langste landdier is?

Bron: Unsplashed.com

vulkaan: vulcano

miljoen jaar: million years

wildtuin: wild game researve

Het jy geweet?

Pilanesberg Nasionale Park is in ʼn ou vulkaan (vulcano) wat meer as 100 miljoen jaar gelede bestaan het.

Bron: wikimedia.org

Swartrenosters se getalle het vanaf 1960-1996 met meer as 97% verminder. Hulle word ernstig bedreig deur stropers (poachers) wat hulle doodmaak vir hulle horings.

Bron: Unsplashed.com

Dragtige: pregnant (diere is dragtig, seekoeikoei verwag ʼn babaseekoeitjie. Vroue is verwagtend of swanger).

Sandbodem: sandbodem beteken dat die vloer (bodem) van sand is.

Patriarg: (beteken dat die hoof van die trop ʼn manlike dier is, hy is die pa van die trop. By olifante is die matriarg ʼn vroulike dier: Sy is die ma van die trop.)

Onthou

Jy nog die meervoud en verkleining van pad?

pad – paadjie – paadjies

pad – paaie

ʼn Mens het ʼn mond, maar ʼn dier het ʼn bek.

Remember:

Work slowly and carefully through word problems to make sue you understand what you must do.

Het jy geweet?

Seekoeie lyk baie groot en lomp. Hulle is gevaarliker as die groot vyf! Die groot vyf diere is die olifant, die leeu, die renoster, die buffel en die luiperd. Seekoeie kan vinnig hardloop met daardie lompe lyf en hulle tande kan ʼn mens lelik seermaak.

Unsplashed.com

ʼn Seekoeibul is die manlike dier en seekoeikoei is die vroulike dier. Die dier staan bekend as ʼn seekoei en daarom kry dit ʼn -bul vir manlike en -koei vir vroulik by.

Unsplashed.com

Remember:

Work slowly and carefully through word problems to make sure you understand what you must do.

Remember:
Work slowly and carefully through word problems to make sue you understand what you must do.

Remember:

perimeter: the continuous line or lines forming the boundary of a closed geometrical figure

boundary: a line which marks the limits of an area

horizontal: parallel to the plane of the horizon; at right angles to the vertical

vertical: at right angles to a horizontal plane; in a direction, or having an alignment, such that the top is directly above the bottom

Remember:

Practice writing random numbers and then determine the place value of each digit in the number.

Did you know?

Only male humpback whales ‘sing’. It is believed that they sing to attract females and to let other males know they are in the area.

The ‘songs’ vary from high-pitched squeals and whistles to low, rumbling gurgles

Did you know?

The Blue Crane is the national bird of South Africa.

Did you know?

When you talk to your friends, always look them in the eye.
When you do a presentation, make eye contact with the audience to show them that you know that they are there.
Use your voice: speak up and pronounce the words clearly.

Take a deep breath before you start, inhaling and exhaling slowly.
Then take another breath and start, while smiling at your audience.

Do not fiddle, stand up tall but be relaxed.

Speak at an easy pace:
not too fast and not too slow.

Remember:

  • Remember to use the BODMAS rule to solve maths problems.
  • Practice writing random numbers and then determine the place value of each digit in the number

Het jy geweet?

Did you know that the Afrikaans word donga is borrowed from the Zulu word udonga. There are several words that Afrikaans has borrowed from the indigenous languages in South Africa, such as aikôna, lapa, and indaba.

Remember:

Do not skip steps or rush your work. Instead, take your time, think carefully and make sure you don’t make any silly mistakes.

Remember

Use a ruler to make sure your nets have the correct sizes, and cut out the shapes carefully.

Remember:

When we list the multiples of a number, we separate the numbers with a comma, not a semi-colon.

For example the multiples of 8 are: 8, 16, 24…

We use an ellipses at the end to indicate that the list continues.

Remember

Practice drawing nets of the 3D objects that you know so that you can easily draw any net that your teacher asks for.

Remember

Always look at the 2D shape at the base of a prism to correctly identify it.

Remember

Try breaking down multiplication and division problems in smaller parts to make it easier to calculate.

Remember

Familiarise yourself with everyday 3D objects so that you can easily recognise them.

Remember

Practice counting backwards and forwards in multiples of 25, 50 and 100 to make mental maths easier.

die: singular form of dice; a small cube with its faces marked with spots numbering from one to six, used in games of chance

Remember
When we list the multiples of a number, we separate the numbers with a comma, not a semi-colon.

For example the multiples of 8 are: 8, 16, 24…

We use an ellipses (…) at the end to indicate that the list continues.

Remember

Work out brackets first, then work backwards when trying to find the missing numbers, for example, multiply when there is a divide sign, or subtract where there is a plus sign.

Remember

Convert fractions to whole numbers and then add or subtract.

Remember

Always convert to the same unit of measurement before you compare lengths.

Remember

For the item in km, ask your parents to tell you how far this distance is from the car’s odometer.

odometer: an instrument for measuring the distance travelled by a wheeled vehicle

Remember

Practice counting backward and forwards in multiples of 25, 50 and 100 to make mental maths easier.

Remember

Think carefully about what you want to measure and then choose the most appropriate instrument.

Remember

There are 60 seconds in one minute, twelve months in one year and 24 hours in one day.

Remember 

1 meter (m) = 100 centimetres (cm)
1 kilometre (km) = 1000 meters (m)
1 kilometre (km) = 100000 centimetres (cm)

To convert between cm, m, and km, you can use the following conversion factors:
To convert from cm to m, divide by 100.
To convert from m to cm, multiply by 100.
To convert from m to km, divide by 1000.
To convert from km to m, multiply by 1000.
To convert from cm to km, divide by 100000.
To convert from km to cm, multiply by 100000.

Umfana: a boy

Abafana: boys

Remember

Use the BODMAS rule to solve maths problems.

B = brackets

O = of

D = divide

M = multiply

A = add

S = subtract

Remember
Word problems are logical, real-life application of what you learn in the mathematics classroom. Think about the answer you get from doing the sum. Does it make sense? If not, check your working.

Remember
Do not skip steps or rush your work. Take your time, think carefully and make sure you don’t make any silly mistakes.

Remember

Show your working

Never rush your working. Think carefully and don’t skip steps.

This will reduce the probability of silly errors.

Remember
When we round…

4 or less, let it rest!

5 or more, raise the score!

When we estimate an answer:

Round to appropriate 

numbers and then calculate

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)

That ‘Hamba’ is a verb meaning go home

dla: eat (verb)

Phuza: drink (verb)

Isiphuzo: A cold drink (noun)

Phuza okushisayo: drink hot (verb)

greater than: the “>” symbol

less than: the “<” symbol

ascending order: from the smallest to the greatest

descending order: from the greatest to the smallest

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)

That in the recent past continuous tense for monosyllabic words you insert ‘si’ eg bengidla (I was eating.)

Bukela: watch
Maduzane: soon
Kamnandi: nicely
Emuva kwalokho: after that
Phuma: get out/ leave
Ubuhlakani: wisdom
Ubuntu: humanity
Ubuthini: you were saying
Ningi: a lot
Mbalwa: few
Kukhona: there is/are
Bengithe: I have said
Ngiyaziqhenya: I am proud
Washonela: he died
Kuwusizi: it is sad
Ngempela: really
“Isikhathi sidliwe yinja”: an expression meaning it is late
Hamba: go home (verb)
Shona: set/ go down
Sobonana: until we meet again
Esontweni: at the church
Eceleni: next to
Phezu: on top of
Emuva: behind

Thenga: buy

Thengisa: sell

Thengela: buy for

Abathengi: customers or buyers

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)

That ‘wu’ is an object concord of the nouns in class 3

Thengisa: sell

Abathengi: customers

Inyama: Meat

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)

That ‘musa uku’ and ‘musani uku’ are the other ways of saying don’t singular and plural respectively in isiZulu.

Manje: now

Gcina: keep

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)

That the word ‘kufanele’ is ‘must’ or ‘it is necessary’

Ubuwuza? (Did you know?)

That the verb ending ‘ana’ can be used as a dimmunitive (isinciphiso) in isiZulu.

Remember:

Conjunctions join words, phrases or clauses in a sentence.

Remember

Use the writing process when designing your poster.

  • Brainstorming and planning
  • Drafting
  • Revising
  • Editing
  • Proofreading and presenting

Remember

Remember speed is important when playing the Association game. The less thinking the better!

egalig en plat: smooth and flat

kampvegter: campaigner

woedend: very angry

geweek: drenched

Remember:

When you divide something into equal parts, the pieces are called fractions. A fraction is part of a whole.
The numerator is the top number of a fraction.
The denominator is the bottom number of a fraction.

1 (numerator)
/
4 (denominator)

Ubuwazi?

Please note that the object concord is used to put emphasis on the object.
In the sentence ‘Ngiyamukhumbula.’ The ‘m’ is the object concord with the English meaning of ‘him’ or ‘her’.
Use the ‘ya’ in the present tense if the object concord is used.
The sentence translates to: ‘I am longing for her or him.’
Also look at question 14 and 15 for more examples.

ontspoor: derailed

rou snikke: raw sobs

beseer: hurt

lekkergoed: sweets

bestuurder: driver

das: tie

versnapperinge: snacks

herhinneringe: memories

Uthi bewazi? (Did you know?)

‘ulwandle’ is the word for ‘beach’ but if you replace the initial vowel with an ‘e’ the meaning changes to ‘at the beach’.

The idiom ‘ilanga likhupha iintlanzi emanzini’ has a literal meaning of ‘the sun pulls the fish out of the water – it is very hot’

Bewazi? Did you know?

Please note that ‘yam’ is a possessive / ‘isimnini’.

It is formed by making use of the possessive link for class 9 as follows:

‘ya’ + m (of mine) > ‘yam’.

namhlanje: today

liphi ihembe lakho: where is your raincoat

ayikho: it is not here

ikhona: it is here

zisekhabetheni: they are in the cupboard

zisegumbini lokupheka: they are in the kitchen

Remember

Slow and steady

Never rush your working. Think carefully and don’t skip steps.
This will reduce the probability of silly errors.

Remember:

When we round…

4 or less, let it rest!
5 or more, raise the score!

Remember:

When we estimate an answer

Round to appropriate numbers and the calculate

Remember

Use a mind map or a think tank to write down your ideas before moving to the following step of the writing process.

  • Write a first draft.
  • Revise your work.
  • Edit your work.
  • Proofread and submit your final version.

Remember

Use the writing process:

  • Brainstorming and planning
  • Drafting
  • Revising
  • Editing
  • Proofreading and presenting your final version

Isikhwama: a bag

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)

That ‘s’ has to be attached to a locative to mean ‘is’ or ‘are’ or ‘am’.

Ikilasi: class/ classroom

Did you know?

Black Kites decorate their nests with bits of white plastic they find on the ground. It is thought that this serves as a ‘Keep out!’ signal to other birds.

Phakathi: between

Umfundi omusha: A new learner

Wubani lona?: who is this?

Lona u…: This is …

Hlala: stay/live/sit

Isibongo: surname

Khipha: take out

Kuphi nendawo?: where about/ where exactly

Kopani: copy (all of you)

Umsebenzi wesikole: class work

Kusasa: tomorrow

Ngiyajabula ukuzwa lokho: I am happy to know you

Sobonana: we will seee each other or until we meet again

Sala kahle: stay well

Fundisa: teach

Did you know?

During WWI, pigeons were used to carry messages back and forth from the trenches, helping save many lives behind enemy lines.

Source: vecteezy.com

Remember

Speak clearly and audibly when you record your story.

Umfundi: a learner/a pupil/a student

Igumbi: A room

Umntwana: a baby

Izingane: babies

Idesiki: a desk

Did you know?

Not all birds make nests! So remember, just because you find an egg doesn’t mean you should move it.

Source: vecteezy.com

funda: a verb meaning learn/read/study

Remember

The simple past tense of regular verbs is marked by the ending -d or -ed.
Irregular verbs have a variety of endings.

Remember
Work slowly and do not skip steps. Write down all your work to ensure you don’t make silly errors.

Namukelekile: You are all welcome

Wamukelekile: You are welcome (to one person)

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?) 

That kakhulu can mean very or a lot.

Funa: want

Cela: ask (politely)

Buza: ask (a question)

Isikhundla sokuqala: first position

Isikhundla sesibili: second position

Isikhundla sesithathu: third position

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?) 

That if your noun starts with two vowels eg. Oosisi, iintombi your demonstrative will indicate if these nouns are in plura although you would have dropped the two vowels ie. Lama ntombazane (these girls).

Amanzi: water

Kuphi?: where?

Itafula: a table

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)

‘Itafula’ is an isiZulu word borrowed from an Afrikaans word ‘tafel’.

Thengisa: sell

Ilanga: sun

Shisa: burn

Bonisa: show

Ukusenga: to milk

Letha : bring

Remember

Use colours, pictures and different font types and sizes.

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)

The verbal extension ‘isa’ means (cause to)

Remember:

Two-dimensional shapes are flat shapes.
These are all 2-D shapes.
A square has four sides that are all the same length.
A rectangle has four sides. It has two long sides and two short sides.
A triangle has three sides. The sides can be the same length or different lengths.

Square            Triangle              Rectangle

Ihhashi: horse
Umntwana: baby
Amantombazane: girls

Remember

Use the writing process to write your report. The process consists of:

  • Brainstorming and planning
  • Writing a first draft
  • Revising your first draft
  • Editing and proofreading your first draft
  • Writing your final version

Ikhaya: home

Igilasi: a glass

Nayi: here is

Funa: want

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?) 

That ‘inyembezi zikavitholiya’ refers to alcohol and the literal meaning is ‘tears of queen Victoria’.

Did you know?

A honeybee visits 50-100 flowers in one trip.

pexels.com

Pheka: cook

Bhala: write

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)

That the isiZulu word ‘umyeni’ could mean a husband or a groom in English.

impendulo:  is a response or an answer

Ukumema: to invite

Isimemo: an invitation

Ukusiza: to help

Umngani: a friend

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?) 

That the wedding involves two families, the bride’s family and the groom’s family.

essential: important

yield: the amount of crop produced

dominant: important or controlling

deficiency: a lack of something

Hlobisa: decorate

Kukhona: there is/are

Entabeni: to the mountain
Engadini: in the garden
Esikoleni: at school
Endlini: In the house
Efamu: on a farm
Izolo: yesterday
Izinkungu: fog
Imini yonke: the whole day
Kukhona: there is/ are
Kusasa: tomorrow
Ebusuku: at night
Ebusika: in winter

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)

That ‘e’ stands for in / at / from in English

The word ‘efamu’ is ‘on a farm’

Abazali bami: my parents.
Ebusuku: at night
Ube nobusuku obuhle!: Good night!
Ukudla kwasemini: Lunch
Umusa: kindness
Ubisi olubandayo: cold milk
Sehlisa ukoma: we quench the thirst
-ne: 4
Bona: see
Izilwane: animals
Izinkomo: cows
Imvu: sheep
Izimbuzi: goats
Izingulube: pigs
Amahhashi: horses
Amadada: ducks
Thanda: love / like
Ngokuhlwa: in the evening
Besijabulile: we were happy

Isudi: suit

Umyeni: husband

Abantu: people

Ningi: a lot

Muhle: Beautiful

Umshado: wedding

Isimemo: an invitation

Ukumema: to invite

Ukuxhumana: contact

Indoda: man

Amadoda: men

Amahlamvu: leaves

Izimbali: flowers

Remember:

These are some keywords that help you decide what operation to use:

Altogether, sum, total, add: +

Subtract, minus, less than, take away, difference: –

Times, altogether, product, multiply: ×

Divided by, shared between, groups of: ÷

sitofu: stove

Idolobha: town

Umjovo: an injection

Izicathulo: shoes

isikhathi:  time

NoThandi: and Thandi

Umfana: a boy

Uku: to

Umama: mother/mom

Abantwana: children

Ngenani: enter all of you

Umninisitolo: shopkeeper

Bonke: All of them

Funani-want
Hamba-travel/walk/go (no destination)
Qonda-understand
Thatha-take
Ngoba-because
Futhi-also
Okungajwayelekile-scarce
Ukuphuza-to drink
Kuyashisa-it is hot
Namhlanje-today
Bona-see
Amasondo-wheels

Ubuwazi? (Did you know?)

The word ‘bami’ is a possessive and has the English meaning of ‘my’ Isibonelo: Bantwana bami. (My children)

extinct: no longer in existence

habitat: the natural home of a plant, animal or other organism

Ubuwazi (Did you know?)

The English word for ‘iholide’ is holiday and is regarded as a borrowed word.

isiqiwu sezilwane: game reserve
vakashela: visit
ziphi?: which
zonke: all
awuthi ngihambe: let me leave you
ngalesi sikhathi: at this time

Reminder

We compare numbers by working from left to right.

Look at this example:

The first four digits are the same, so we need to look at the Tens column to see which number is bigger:

Hundred thousands Ten thousands Thousands Hundreds Tens Units
4 5 2 8 8 1
4 5 2 8 7 9

8 is bigger than 7.
80 is bigger than 70.

So, 452 881 is bigger than 452 879

Remember

We use tally marks for counting. We do the marks in groups of five. We draw four short vertical lines for the first four in each group. We draw the fifth tally mark across the first four tally marks.

| || ||| |||| ||||

 

This makes it easier to count the total number of tally marks, because we can count in 5s. We can put the tally marks in a table. This makes it easy to read how many marks there are for each thing that we counted.

Did you know?

The science of apple growing is called pomology.

Remember

Word meanings
synonyms: words with the same meaning
antonyms: words with opposite meanings
literal: words and sayings that mean exactly what they say
figurative: words and sayings with a deeper meaning that do not mean exactly what the words say

Punctuation
full stop: always use these at the end of sentences (.)
commas: indicate a pause, or between items in a list (,)
exclamation mark: used at the end of an exclamation (!)
question mark: used at the end of a question (?)

Remember

Reflexive pronouns end with -self or -selves.
Example: myself, themselves.

We use not in the negative form. We put not after the first part of the verb.
Example: They are not planning to kill the hydra.

mall: a large, covered shopping area where cars are not allowed

all and sundry: everyone, not just a few carefully chosen people

soppy: expressing emotions in a way that seems silly

cherub: an angelic child who behaves very well

explicit: expressed in a way that is clear and direct

implicit: suggested or understood without being stated directly

Remember

Auxiliary verbs are helping verbs that tell you in which tense the action takes place.

Finite verbs can stand on their own and do not need auxiliary verbs.

Adjectives can be comparative or superlative.

Comparative adjectives compare two things whereas superlative adjectives compare more than two things. To form the comparative, we usually add the suffix ‘er’ as in sly, slyer. To form the superlative, we usually add the suffix ‘est’ as in slyest.

Remember

Word meanings
synonyms: words with the same meaning
antonyms: words with the opposite meaning
contextual: making sense within the context of the passage

Punctuation
full stop: always use these at the end of sentences (.)
commas: indicate a pause, or items in a list (,)
exclamation mark: used at the end of an exclamation (!)
question mark: used at the end of a question (?)

Did you know?

Chickens can recognise over 100 faces.

Remember
You have learnt about the key features of poems.

  • internal structure: figures of speech/imagery, rhyme, rhythm
  • external structure: lines, stanzas, typography
  • figurative meaning
  • mood
  • theme and message

Did you know?
ChatGPT is an AI (artificial intelligence) chatbot. It was developed by OpenAI and released in November 2022.

The name combines ‘Chat’ and ‘GPT’, (Generative Pre-trained Transformer).
The Chatbot interacts with the user. It is able to store an incredible amount of data and is able to cross-reference the data to create new outcomes. It is able to generate content such as stories, poems and songs.

treasure trove: a store of valuable things

unleashing: letting go of; releasing

anecdote: a short amusing or interesting story about a real person

doodle: scribble absent-mindedly

aspire: to seek to attain a goal

Remember

When writing your diary entry, use the writing process of brainstorming, planning, drafting, revising, editing and writing your final version.

Did you know?

There is some controversy about who invented email but it is generally credited to Ray Tomlinson, an American computer programmer.

hand press button and e-mail

metal alloy: a substance that is created by combining a metal and/or non-metal component together to form a new solid material

gleaner: a person who collects or gathers small pieces of leftover harvest/food, information, or scrap metal; example, slowly, and carefully for redistribution or recycling

tainted: ruined

Remember

There are three degrees of comparison for adjectives.
The positive refers to one thing.

The comparative compares two things. To form the comparative degree we add -er, or we add more, or the word changes completely (bad, worse).

The superlative compares more than two things. To form the superlative degree we add-est to the word, or we add most, or the word changes completely (bad, worse, worst)

Remember

The writing process includes the following steps:

  • Brainstorming and planning
  • Writing a first draft
  • Revising your draft
  • Editing your work
  • Writing your final version and then proofreading it

desertification: the process of becoming a desert

deforestation: the clearing of forests

revert: to return or go back to its previous condition

phenomenon: an event you observe

evaporation: change from a liquid to a vapour

precipitation: rain, snow, sleet, or hail that falls to or condenses on the ground

lush: thick, luxurious foliage

atmosphere: the air surrounding the earth

vapour: water particles released in the air

vegetation: plants

humidity: the degree of wetness

Remember

Use the writing process of:

  • Planning
  • Drafting
  • Editing
  • Final
  • Writing a final version

Did you know?

One dung beetle can drag 1 141 times its weight – that’s like a human pulling six double-decker buses!

source: www.vecteezy.com

Remember

Be respectful and listen attentively when someone else is reading or speaking.

reflection: to create a mirror image of a shape by flipping it

Remember

Count the grid squares carefully when you translate the 2D shape.

translation: when a shape is copied to a new position 

Remember

Count the grid squares carefully when you rotate the 2D shape.

Remember

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, it is converted, or changed from one form to another.

precision: (noun) done in an exact and accurate way
repetitive: (adjective) something that is done over and over again

Remember:

An adverb gives more information about a verb and an adjective gives more information about a noun.
Adverbs of time tell us when something happens (tomorrow, yesterday, and so on).

Remember

Use the writing process!

  • Brainstorm ideas
  • Write a first draft
  • Revise
  • Edit
  • Write a final draft

Remember

  • Tell the events in the story in a logical order.
  • Speak clearly and use facial expressions.

Remember:

When you divide something into equal parts, the pieces are called fractions. A fraction is part of a whole.
The numerator is the top number of a fraction.
The denominator is the bottom number of a fraction.

Remember

When reading for comprehension:

  • skim for main ideas
  • scan for supporting details
  • making predictions
  • decide which are facts and which are opinions
  • the viewpoint of the author
  • inferring the meaning of unfamiliar words and images
  • direct and implied meanings

Did you know?

For amounts smaller than a teaspoon, we can use a syringe or an eye dropper

Syringes come in different sizes. They normally measure volumes up to 10 ml.

An eyedropper measures amounts smaller than a millilitre.

Remember

Similes

A simile compares one thing to another using the words ‘like’ or ‘as’.
Example: Katatsi was as brave as a lion.

Proverbs

A proverb is a concise and memorable saying that expresses a widely accepted truth or piece of advice.
Example: Actions speak louder than words. This means that what you do is more important than what you say.

Amagama kaWudala

Fundani la magama (Learn these words)

laphi: where

njani: how

nobani: with whom

bajabulile: they are happy

abantwana ababini: two children

masihambe: let us go

if ‘ma-‘ is used as in the example above, the verb is in the subjunctive mood and therefore ends in ‘e’.

Amagama emboleko (Borrowed words)

Ibhola: ball

isambulela: umbrella

nethawula: and a towel

ithawula: towel

Bewazi? Did you know?

Please note that the subject-verb link for noun class 9 is ‘i’ and the negative link is ‘ayi’.

Bewazi? (Did you know?)

‘isibuko’ with the prefix ‘isi’ is a noun in noun class 7.

If somebody or something in noun class 1 (a) possesses the noun in noun class 7 (‘isibuko’) the possessive link is ‘sika’ > ‘isibuko sikaThandeka’

Isibonelo (Examples)

‘isibuko sikaThandeka’ (Thandeka’s mirror)

‘isitulo sikaNomsa’ (Nomsa’s chair)

perimeter: The distance around a space or shape.

mema: invite
phathi: party
etphathini: at the party
funa ukubhukuda: want to swim
funa ukuya: want to go
Phuza: drink
dla: eat
Ikuphi iphathi: where is this party
masiye ngebhasi: let’s go by bus
namhlanje: today
khumbula: remember
izimpahla zokubhukuda: swimwear
emaphathini: to parties
ngaba: especially

uya: to go
uyothenga: to buy
ukudla: food
njengok: like udla food
Imithi: medicine
ukuthumela: to send to
endleleni: on the road/way
uyasibonisa: he or she shows us
izindawo eziningi: many places
lihle idolobha lethu: our town is beautiful
namaphilisi: and pills
izifonyo: masks
phambi kwekhemesi: in front of the chemist
banomusa: they are friendly
emvakwalokho: after that
ukulanda: to fetch
kude: is far
siqeda: we are done/finish
kumnandi: it is great
ukuchitha: to spend
ikhemesi: chemist
ilondolo: laundry
isitolo: shop
ibhange: bank

Ukhisimusi: Christmas

Amathuluzi okubhala: stationary

njengamapensela: like pencils

nezincwadi: and books

kubalulekile: it is important

sikwazi: we can

babingelele bonke: greet all

ngiyamkhanuka: I am longing for him

ngothando: with love

Uthishomkhulu: headmaster
namhlanje: today
umnumzane: sir
ungahlala: you may sit
ngithole: I received
isicelo sakho: your application
nginemibuzo: I have questions
kulungile: it is fine
Muphi umdlalo: which sport
Eziphi izifundo: which subjects
isicelo sakho: your application
wamkelwa yimi: is accepted by me
wamkelekile: welcome
ngiyajabula: I am happy
ndiyakuthembisa: I promise you
ukuze ngiphumelele: so that I succeed

You will need:

  • measuring tape
  • chalk to draw line or flat wooden marker
  • soft landing area.

Did you know?

Vilakazi Street is well known throughout the world because it is home to two people who won the Nobel Peace Prize (this prize is given to a person who has brought peace to the world). The Nobel Peace Prize winners were Nelson Mandela and Desmond Tutu who both lived in Vilakazi Street in Soweto.

Mandela’s home in Vilakazi Street can be visited by tourists to see where he lived as a young man. Click on the link below to watch a tour of Mandela’s home.

Did you know?

Everyone suffers from peer pressure including your parents.

You will need:

  • beacon or marker
  • PE shoes and clothing

Remember

Use correct punctuation when writing:
quotation marks: we use punctuation marks to show that direct speech is being used (‘)
exclamation marks: exclamation marks follow exclamations or interjections and can also be used to show emotion. (!)
comma: commas are used to separate words and phrases in a list (,)
full stop: full stops show that a sentence has ended(.)
colon: colons introduce dialogue(😊 they also indicate that an explanation is following)
question marks: question marks follow questions, including rhetorical questions (?)
ellipsis: an ellipsis is three little dots that show that a sentence is incomplete or that something has been left out (…)

You will need:

  • old socks or material bands

Bewazi? Did you know?

Note that ‘zo’ and ‘ku’ are used to indicate the future tense.

Adding ‘na-‘to the noun changes the meaning as follows:

‘na-‘ + ‘amanzi’ = ‘namanzi’ / and water

(‘a’+ ‘a’ stays an ‘a’)

Remember

Focus on process writing:

  • Plan your writing.
  • Draft it.
  • Revise it.
  • Edit and proof-read it.

monochromatic: containing or using only one colour

endurance: the ability to continue doing something for a long time

calories: units of energy that a food or drink provides

Did you know?

Running burns more calories than walking.

Happy smiling fitness women jogging together outdoors

Jogging is an endurance sport.

table: a form equivalent to the flow diagram to describe the relationship between two sets of numbers

Remember

An electrical circuit always needs a power source.

Iintombi are girls in English

The verb ‘oda’ is a borrowed verb. It is borrowed from the English verb ‘order’.

Wayewetyisa– wayewanambitha 

Remember

Word problems are the logical, real-life application of what you learn in the mathematics classroom. Think about the answer you get from doing the sum. Does it make sense? If not, check your working.

Remember

Practice counting backward and forwards from random numbers to improve your ability to do mental maths problems.

animism: the belief that everything has a spirit

Remember

Remember that brackets (…) indicate multiplication.

Remember

When we estimate an answer, Round to appropriate number and then calculate.

Remember

When we round…
4 or less, let it rest!
5 or more, raise the score.

Het jy geweet?

Om toneel te speel beteken dat jy baie hard moet oefen om jou woorde en gebare te kan leer.

Het jy geweet?

Aladdin is ‘n ou storie van die Midde-Ooste toe mense nog geglo het in towergeeste wat wense kon vervul. Hierdie towergeeste het in die koperlampie gebly en wanneer mens die lampie gevryf het, het die gees verskyn. Aladdin het ʼn ou lampie gaan soek en toe die man wat hom gestuur het, hom wou doodmaak, het hy met die lampie gevlug. Aan die einde het hy skatryk geword omdat hy goed was vir die towergees.

Remember

Plus, gain, add, more, and receive are all words that indicate you need to add things together.
Difference, less, subtract, and take away are all words that indicate you need to subtract numbers from each other.

Remember

When we round off…

4 or less, let it rest!
5 or more, raise the score!

Remember

Always work slowly and carefully when doing multiplication or division.
Practicing your multiplication tables backward will help you to count backward.

Remember

Don’t spend too much time behind a screen.

Remember

Practice writing random numbers and then determining the place value of certain numbers.

Remember

Be imaginative but work carefully when drawing up your graphs.

Remember

Be imaginative but work carefully when drawing up your graphs.

Remember

To use the BODMAS rule to solve maths problems.

B = brackets
O = of
D = divide
M = multiply
A = add
S = subtract

frequency: the number of times an event or character occurs

tally: a mark used to keep count of the number of times something happens

Remember

Sort the data values from smallest to largest to find the mode.

mixed number: a type of common fraction that consists of a whole number and a fraction

Remember:

A flow diagram has three main parts:

  • an input number
  • a rule
  • an output number

The input number for this flow diagram is 12.
The rule is × 3.
The output number is 36.
Now look at this flow diagram.
It has four input numbers.
The rule has two parts.

Can you work out what the missing output number is?
That’s right! It’s 17.
7 × 2 = 14 and 14 + 3 = 17.
Select the link to watch a video to revise what you have learnt about input values, rules, and output values.

Remember

Practice your times tables to give you the advantage in mental maths!

Remember

The sentence levels you have learnt-

  • simple present tense: He is at the meeting.
  • simple past tense: She went to a meeting.
  • direct speech: Sipho said, ‘I am at the meeting’.
  • reported speech: Sipho said that he was at the meeting.
  • active voice: The chairperson ended the meeting.
  • passive voice: The meeting was ended by the chairperson.

Remember the reading process:

  • Pre-reading- think of what the text is about
  • During reading – concentrate on the features of the text
  • Post-reading – answer questions; compare, contrast, evaluate

Remember

Always measure your temperature in whole numbers and round off when you need to.

Remember:

A number pattern has a rule. The rule is always the same in the pattern. The rule links the numbers in the pattern.

Look at this number pattern. Its rule is + 2.
2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16

Watch the video to remind you about what you have learnt about number patterns and rules.

tradition: the handing down of information, beliefs, or customs from one generation to another

artefact: An artefact is a man-made object, such as pieces of art or tools, that is of cultural, historical or archaeological interest

analogue: a device that uses numbers to represent some physically measurable quantity, such as mass, time, length, voltage or temperature

digital: a device that uses data in the form of digits or similar discrete elements

gradation lines: lines that show a scale or series of degrees

Remember

To find the average, you add up all the measurements and divide the total by the number of measurements.

Did you know?

When you dramatise you can adapt one type of genre to another. So you could take a story and make it into a play.
You can keep the original dialogue.
When you take on the role you should keep the same intention of the original.
You can characterise the person you are acting to make it seem real.
You can also use props to create the setting.

checked brown hat isolated on white background

Did you know?

A panel discussion is one where a group of people discuss different topics. Panel discussions may also be called forums.
When you take part in a panel discussion you first need to choose a topic. After that:

  • Share ideas.
  • Take turns.
  • Listen attentively.
  • Keep the discussion going by asking questions or making comments.

Did you know?

When the pyramids were finished they were covered in white limestone so that they glittered. The Great Pyramid had sheets of gold at the very top.

Het jy geweet?

Paddas is eers kikvorse genoem.

Remember

An opinion is how someone thinks or feels about something. It is their viewpoint. Everyone can have their own opinion.
When forming an opinion of a story consider the following:

  • Did I like the story?
  • What did I like/dislike about it?
  • Is there one thing that I really liked/disliked? why?
  • Are there examples I can use to give reasons for my opinion?

Ngqi: full stop
uphawu lombuzo: the question mark
thenga: buy
thola: get
amaswidi: sweets
amakhekhe: biscuits
ubisi: milk
amanzi: water
ukhilimu oyiqhwa: ice-cream
Okhilimu abayiqhwa: ice-creams
abantwana: children
umntwana: child
ekhefi: at the café
i-olintshi: oranges
ama-olintshi: oranges
ekuseni: in the morning
basekhefi: they are in the café
masihambe: let’s go home

‘oshizi’ (cheeses) is the plural of ‘ushizi’(cheese)
The singular is a noun in noun class 9 and the plural is a noun in noun class 9.

unevenly: in a way that the different parts are not equal

Did you know?

The first successful vacuum cleaner was invented in 1901 by Hubert Cecil Booth, a British engineer.

Source: Wikimedia.org

Did you know?

The South African national cricket team is called ‘The Proteas’. It is named after one of the symbols of the coat of arms.

Source 7

Image: By PaddyBriggs – Own work, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=4541783

Remember

When you are telling a story about something that happened to you:

  • Describe the events clearly and in the correct order.
  • Say how you felt during the experience.

Did you know?

Dinasours (picture below) are believed to have existed thousands of years ago, but are now extinct. This means they do not exist anymore. Similarly, South Africa was endowed with an animal called the “blauwbok” which is now extinct. Animals such as the rhino are also in danger of extinction.

Image: By LadyofHats Mariana Ruiz – did it myself, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1682099

Did you know?

The Vooerttrekker Monument in Pretoria (pictured below) displays a wagon similar to the ones used by the Trek Boers.

 

Did you know?

The Western Cape is still known for viticulture.

The picture below shows a wine farm in the Western Cape.

Image: By fabulousfabs – https://www.flickr.com/photos/fabulousfabs/6270545336/, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=18776146

Remember

Add only the numerators (top numbers) when adding fractions with the same denominator. The denominator stays the same.

Remember
We use adverbs and adjectives to add details to our writing. We can also add these to our dialogue to make it more interesting.

Adverbs describe or give more detail to the verb.

‘Nayo, come here now!’ Mom shouted loudly.
The verb is ‘shouted’ – this is the action that mom is doing.
The adverb is ‘loudly’ – this describes how mom shouted.

Adjectives are describing words that give details to the noun.

‘Look at this terrible mess!’ Mom continued.
The noun is ‘mess’ – Nayo has left somewhere untidy.
The adjective is ‘terrible’ – this describes how bad the mess is.

Did you know?

Wood frogs spend the cold months hibernating. These frogs get so cold that nearly 75 percent of their body turns to ice. Their hearts and breathing stop. In the spring, they thaw in the warmer temperatures and they hop out to a breeding pond.

evergreen: trees that keep their leaves all the year round

migrate: move from one region to another

hibernate: long periods of deep sleep in cold weather

flexible: able to bend

Did you know?

Alaska is one of the states of the United States of America. It is separate from the other states. Alaska contains coniferous forests.

Image: Wikimedia.org

thrive: to grow, develop or be successful

precipitation: rain, snow, sleet or hail

Did you know?

The roots of the Mesquite tree can go down 25 metres into the Earth.


Mesquite trees

Image: By Luis Alvaz – Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=79929222

Did you know?

The driest place on Earth is the Atacama Desert in Chile. It receives less than one mm of rainfall per year!.

Image: pixabay.com

The Atacama Desert.

Did you know?

29% of children in South Africa are illiterate.

Did you know?

Toucans have small wings so that they can fly through the forest easily. Theyhave long strong beaksthat they use to break open fruit and nuts. Their bright colours make them difficult to see among the flowers and trees.


Toucans have beautiful colours.

Image: pixabay.com

Sloths spend 90% of their lives hanging upside down. They can only see in dim light and are completely blind in bright daylight. They move very slowly and normally don’t travel more than about 30 metres a day. Because they moves so slowly, predators don’t see them as prey.


Sloths move very slowly.

Image: pixabay.com

adapted: the way in which an animal or plant becomes fitted to its surroundings

evergreen: a plant that has green leaves all year round

lianas: woody climbing plants that hang from trees; jungle vines

Did you know?

The average annual rainfall of the tropical rainforests of Colombia in South America is 11 800 mm per year! That’s more than 25 times more than the average annual rainfall of South Africa.

Tropical rainforest in Colombia.

Image: pixabay.com

A tropical rainforest in Colombia.

Did you know

Mawsynram in north eastern India is the wettest place in the world. The highest rainfall in a single day was 945 mm. That’s more than twice the average annual rainfall of South Africa!

The driest place in the world is the Atacama Desert in Chile. The average annual rainfall here is about 15 mm per year!


Different places get different amounts of rainfall.

mild: gentle in nature or behaviour

humid: a climate that is very damp, and usually very hot

Did you know

Although our climate does not change from one day to the next like the weather, it can change very slowly over a long period of time.

Remember

A phrase is a group of words without a verb. A phrase cannot stand alone and make sense.
A clause is a group of words that contains at least a subject and a verb.
A main clause (independent clause) makes sense by itself.
A subordinate clause (dependent clause) needs a main clause to make sense. It is joined to a main clause with a subordinate conjunction.

Remember

A finite verb has a subject, a tense and can be singular or plural.
Example: The artist paints the landscape.
A finite verb can consist of more than one word.
Example: The artists have created various artworks for the exhibition.

Auxiliary verbs are helping verbs and indicate tense and number.
Example: These pictures were created by AI.

Infinitives are usually preceded by the word ‘to’. They cannot work alone but need a main verb in a sentence.
Example: They are going to hold an AI artwork exhibition.

Remember

When presenting an oral report:

  • Use the appropriate structure of introduction, body and conclusion.
  • Present your central idea and supporting details.
  • Stay on the topic.

When listening to others:

  • Show sensitivity to the rights and feelings of others.
  • Give constructive feedback.

Did you know?

The Village of Andaman in Tamil Nadu, India, has banned people from wearing shoes. In many places in India it is considered impolite to enter someone’s house with your shoes on.

Remember

A finite verb is the main verb in a sentence. A finite verb has a subject, a tense and can be singular or plural. A finite verb can stand on its own or it can consist of a group of words.
Example: He hopes to pass the exam.

An auxiliary verb is a helping verb. It helps to show tense and mood.
Example: He was hoping to pass the exam.

Auxiliary verbs can be finite verbs depending on the context.
Example: Michael is clever.

Did you know?

Bamboo can grow up to 88 centimetres in one day.

Did you know?

Scientists have discovered that studying for a long period of time does not help you to remember things better. Instead you should study for a short amount of time over a period of a few days to better remember the information you need to learn.

Watch the video below for more tips and tricks.

Remember

Use a full stop at the end of a sentence.
Use commas to separate items in a list.
Use a question mark at the end of a question.
Use exclamation marks for exclamations and to show feeling.

Use a colon:
To show that a list is following.
To introduce a quotation.
In a playscript following the name of the speaker.

Did you know?

100 000 animals that live in the sea are killed annually due to plastic waste in the ocean.

Did you know?

Nearly 64% of drownings in South Africa happens in rivers and dams. You should only swim in a river if you are supervised by an adult and know the currents of the river.

Did you know?

It is estimated around 600 children and 200 adults in South Africa die from drowning. It is very important that we all learn to swim.

Swim instructor Jessica Raya assists Derek Muniz, 4, as he works on using his hands and feet at the same time during a class Monday at Thomas Pool. The swim classes, available to all ages and all swim levels, run every two weeks. (Photo by Daniel Cernero, Fort Hood Sentinel Sports Editor)

Source: wikimedia.org

Remember

A sentence has a subject and a verb. It usually also has an object.
Example: He (subject) saves (verb) water (object). To find the object we can ask, ‘What does he save?’ He saves water.

auxiliary: providing additional help and support

Did you know?

On average, a toilet uses 11 litres of water per flush. That means that if a toilet is flushed 15 times per day, then 165 litres of water are used. That is a lot of water as can be seen from these 165 1 litre bottles!

That is a lot of water as can be seen from these 165 1 litre bottles!

Did you know?

Drinking contaminated water can result in deadly diseases such as typhoid and cholera.

Remember:

face: a flat or curved surface of a 3-D object.

Did you know?

In 2003, the heaviest lemon ever grown was found and recorded in Israel. It weighed 5.265 kg

processed: changed into a different product

unprocessed: unchanged, in its natural state

Did you know?

People use ostrich eggs for decorations. The eggs are emptied and the shells are painted.


We use ostrich eggs for decorations.

Did you know?

Mealies are grown on every single continent except Antarctica because it is too cold there.

Did you know?

Goats are herd animals and will become depressed if kept without any goat companions. So, it is unhealthy for a goat if a family just owns one as a pet.

For more interesting facts about goats, visit:
www.livelyrun.com

source: pexels

Did you know?

South Africa has large deposits of coal, mainly in Mpumalanga. Coal is the main source of fuel for our power stations. Eighty percent of all our coal is used to make electricity.

Coal mining in South Africa.

Remember:

There are 1 000 g in 1 kg .
To change grams (g) into kilograms (kg) you, divide the number of grams by 1 000.
To change kilograms (kg) into grams (g) you multiply the number of kilograms by 1 000.

Remember

You learnt about the water cycle in Grade 4. Here is diagram to remind you what you learnt.

Did you know?

Trees breathe in carbon dioxide (a gas in the air) and breathe out oxygen (a gas in the air). We breathe all that oxygen in!

Remember

Stem: This relates to a root word before prefixes or suffixes are added
Examples: play, speak, draw, read

Subject-verb agreement: Single subjects take single verbs and plural subjects take plural verbs
Examples: The boy runs to the field. The boys run to the field

Remember

To focus on process writing

  • Planning
  • Drafting
  • Revising
  • Editing
  • Proofreading and presenting

Remember

Word meanings
synonyms: words with the same meaning
antonyms: words with opposite meanings
contextual: making sense with the context of the passage

Punctuation
full stop: always use these at the end of sentences (.)
commas: indicate a pause, or between items in a list (,)
exclamation mark: used at the end of exclamation (!)
question mark: used at the end of a question (?)

Did you know?

Image: wikimedia.org

This painting shows that the Ancient Egyptians used boats on the river Nile  as long ago as 3500 BC.

Did you know?

Image: By ProjectManhattan – Own work, CC0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=29720505

Reeds boats are still used today. This one is on lake Titicaca in South America.

Remember

The key features of a literary text:
characters: the people or animals in the story
characterisation: the way in which the characters are portrayed
plot: what happens in the story
conflict: any disagreement or problem between the characters
background: what happened before the story took place
setting: the time and place where the story takes place
narrator: the person who is telling the story
theme: the central or main idea that the author is trying to convey

creativity: the ability to use your imagination to produce new ideas or make things

discernibly: able to be seen; noticeably

envious: wanting something that someone else has

precision: made or done is a very exact way

pique: to make you feel interested in something or someone

repetitive: done many times in the same way

Remember

The different types of speaking:
discussion: where several people speak, taking turns to talk about an issue or topic
prepared speaking: this is where you prepare a speech that you then deliver in public
impromptu speaking: also known as unprepared speaking; topics are given to speakers who then need to speak on that topic for a given time
debates: a debate is when two opposing teams compete with each other
interviews: when one person asks questions of the other for a particular purpose
conversation/dialogue: this is generally between two or more people where they discuss different aspects – similar to a discussion

arsenal: the tools or methods someone can use to help them achieve something

blend: to be unobtrusive so that you are not noticed

immune: someone who is immune is not affected by things that happen or are done

installations: when someone fits large art exhibits into a gallery or similar place

origami: Japanese art of folding paper to make attractive objects

unison: if people do or say something in unison, they do or say it together, at the same time

Did you know?

In 2002 a severe flood in Mozambique caused massive damage to infrastructure and crops. People in a village in Caia witnessed a miracle when a missing dog returned home from the jungle, very skinny but with a tiny monkey on his back. The pair – called Billy and Kiko – have lived together ever since the flood and have remained friends.

Word meanings

synonyms: words with the same meaning

antonyms: words with the opposite meaning

contextual: making sense within the context of the passage

Punctuation

full stop: always use these at the end of sentences (.)

commas: indicate a pause (,)

exclamation mark: used at the end of an exclamation (!)

question mark: used at the end of a question (?)

all and sundry: everyone, not just a few carefully chosen people

cherub: a young, pretty child who behaves very well

explicit: expressed in a way that is clear and direct

implicit: suggested or understood without being stated directly

mall: an area where there are a lot of shops, usually in a covered area where cars are not allowed

soppy: expressing emotions in a way that seems silly

Remember

The key features of a literary text:

characters: the people or animals in the story

characterisation: the way in which the characters are described

plot: what happens in the story

conflict: any disagreement or problem between the characters

background: what happened before the story took place

setting: the time period and the place where the story takes place

narrator: the person who is telling the story

theme: what the story is about

camouflage: the way that the colour or shape of an animal protects it by making it difficult to see in the area in which it lives

desolate: empty and sad because there are no people or animals around

predators: animals that kill and eat other animals

Did you know?

Image: By Gus Pasquerella – http://www.lakehurst.navy.mil/nlweb/images/1213d.gif, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=632191

The Hindenburg was the most famous airship. It crashed and exploded in 1937.

Did you know?

The ancient Egyptians invented a system called the shaduf to lift buckets of water from the Nile.

century: 100 years

millennium: 1000 years

chronological: things happening in time order, or being placed in time order, like on a timeline or in a sequence. The root word “chrono” comes from the Greek word meaning “time”.

A, D, or C, E: “Anno Domini” (which is Latin for “in the year of our Lord”) or “Common Era.” This refers to all the things that occurred after a designated year “one” which was believed to be the year Jesus Christ was born. This (along with BC) was used throughout Europe by the Middle Ages. It is still used today (but has nothing to do with religion)

B, C or B, C, E: “Before Christ” or “Before Common Era.” This refers to all the things that occurred before a designated year “one” which was believed to be the year Jesus Christ was born. In BC/BCE, the bigger the number of the year, the further back in time it is.

For example, 47 BC/BCE means 47 years before the “one” year, and 3,134 BC/BCE means 3,134 years before the “one”.

Remember:

  • Finite verbs can stand on their own without any help such as – Zoe writes in her diary.
  • Adjectives can be comparative (nicer) or superlative (nicest).
  • Prefixes are letters that we place at the beginning of a word such as bicycle or tricycle.
  • Suffixes are groups of letters added to the end of words such as baking or chairmanship.
  • Root words are the words before prefixes or suffixes are added – such as cycle, bake and man.

contrast: something that is very different from something else

horizon: the line far away where the sun seems to meet the sky

provoking: causing a reaction or feelings

reflected: showing back an image, as in a mirror

reluctance: slow and unwilling

Remember

What you have learnt about the key features of poems.

  • internal structure: figures of speech/imagery, rhyme, rhythm
  • external structure: lines, stanzas, typography
  • figurative meaning
  • mood
  • theme and message

Remember:

The reading process includes:

  • Pre-reading – when the text is introduced
  • During reading – when you look at the features of the text
  • Post reading – when you answer questions and compare, contrast and evaluate what you have read.

Het jy geweet?

“Hocus Pocus” is ook die naam van ‘n fliek wat gaan oor drie hekse. Alhoewel “hocus pocus” eintlik die praat van nonsens beteken, word dit dikwels gebruik om die aandag af te lei van die ware probleem. In Afrikaans word “houkus poukus” ook gebruik as mense sommer net oor niks praat nie. Om te houkus poukus beteken jy kan praat en praat en praat… en eintlik NIKS sê nie!

Om te koukus beteken om te vergader en oplossings vir probleme te soek.

skrikkerig: scary

verligting: relief

klouter: climb

draak: dragon

dikwels: often

aanhoudend: continuously

Het jy geweet?

Jou verbeelding is ‘n wonderlike ding! Jy kan enige storie uitdink en allerhande dinge opmaak, soos om deur ‘n walvis rondgevlieg te word byvoorbeeld! Jou verbeelding en jou kreatiwiteit moet, net soos spiere, ontwikkel en geoefen word, so moenie bang wees om aan allerhande stories te dink nie.

kougom: bubblegum

derms: intestines

maagpyn: stomach ache

operasie: operation

pou: peacock

kou: cage

besonder: amazing

voorwaar: really

skoonheid: beauty

hoort: belong

eenvoudig: simply

Remember

Complex nouns consist of more than one noun, for example, the gran with the feather boa.

Comparative adjectives compare two things and end in ‘er’ as in ‘He is smarter than his friend’.

Superlative adjectives compare more than two things and end in ‘est’ as in ‘He is the smartest boy in the class’.

Remember

Always use the correct punctuation:

    semicolons: (;) long pauses that separate words and phrases

    inverted commas: (‘’) also known as quotation marks, may be double, (“ “) or single (‘ ‘) and are used to show both direct speech and quotes

    full stops: (.) used at the end of sentences and after some abbreviations

    apostrophes: (‘) used only for contraction (can’t) and possession – the family’s car

Trap in jou spoor: wees versigtig

buig die boompie terwyl hy jonk is: kinders moet van kleins af maniere geleer word

Remember

You have learnt these word meanings before. Here is a reminder:

synonyms: words that have the same meaning
antonyms: words that have opposite meanings
literal: words that mean exactly what they say
contextual: words that must be read within the context of the passage to understand them
figurative: words that do not mean what they say
adjectives: words that describe other words
adverbs: words that describe verbs

spoorloos verdwyn: disappear without a trace

opstel: essay

artikel: article

brief: letter

pamflet: pamplet

Remember:
The reading process includes:

  • Pre-reading – when the text is introduced
  • During reading – when you look at the features of the text
  • Post reading – when you answer questions and compare, contrast and evaluate what you have read.

Remember the key features of a literature text:
Character, characterisation, plot, conflict, background, setting, narrator, theme.

Did you know?

The Mayan numeral system was used to represent numbers and dates in the Maya civilisation.
The Mayans lived in what is now Mexico and Central America. Mayan culture was well established by 1000 BCE and lasted until 1697 CE.

Het jy geweet?

Suid-Afrika het van die mees ongelooflike staproetes in die wêreld. Die Otter-staproete is ongeveer 41 km lank en een van die mooiste staproetes om te stap naby Stormsrivier langs die Tuinroete. Amatola staproete in die Oos-Kaap is ook baie gewild, nes die Hennops staproete in Gauteng en Wildekus roete in KwaZulu-Natal. Gaan doen gerus ‘n bietjie navorsing oor die wonderlike staproetes in Suid-Afrika. Onthou net om jou spore dop te hou en gestewel en gespoor te wees vir elke roete!

Het jy geweet?

Namibië grens aan die Noord-Westelike grens van Suid-Afrika. Dit is ‘n woestynagtige land, bekend vir spoorsnyers, Duitse nedersettings en plaaslewe. Die hoofstad is Windhoek en daar is ongeveer 2,5 miljoen mense in Namibië. Op die foto is die vlag van Namibië.

gestewel en gespoor: om reg en voorbereid te wees vir iets

boeregemeenskap: farming community

grense: boundaries

spoorsnyer: tracker

voertuig: vehicle

aanvoeling: sense

Did you know?

The Gobi Desert is the 6th largest desert in the world. There are fossils throughout the Gobi Desert. One of the first people to discover them was American palaeontologist, Rob Andrews. He discovered the first known dinosaur eggs.

Did you know?

Stories such as The boy who cried wolf are a collection of stories that are known as Aesop’s fables. Many believe that a man from ancient Greece named Aesop, created these stories from as early as the 6th Century. It is believed that Aesop was a slave but was eventually freed.

Remember:

Remember the order of operations

1. Brackets
2. Multiply and divide (from left to right)
3. addition and subtraction (from left to right)

To help you remember the order of operations, we use the term BODMAS. Operations are the different things that we can do to numbers in maths, like adding or subtracting It stands for:
Brackets (So you do the sums in the brackets first)
Order (This refers to things like square roots and exponents. You skip this if they are not in the sum)
Division
Multiplication (If there is multiplication, or division, or both, you do them next. Start from the left and move to the right).
Addition
Subtraction (If there is addition, or subtraction, or both, you do them last. Start from the left and move to the right).

Het jy geweet?

Drie interessante feite:

Die @ teken word in Afrikaans ‘n aapstert genoem.

Ons skryf e-pos met ‘n koppelteken, want ‘n epos is ‘n lang gedig wat ‘n storie vertel.

Die “e” in e-pos staan vir “elektroniese”.

Remember:

Sometimes, units are called ‘ones’, but it means the same thing when it comes to place value

Did you know?

The keys of a piano and chess sets are made from ivory.

 

Image: pixabay.com

Image: pexels.com

Did you know?

Sorghum and millet can be ground to make porridge or beer. This pot contains sorghum beer.

Het jy geweet?

Hoekom is vlermuise net soos valstande?

Want hulle kom net in die nag uit!

Byna 19% van alle Suid-Afrikaanse volwassenes het valstande. Mense versorg nie hul tande goed terwyl hulle jonk is nie, wat beteken soos hulle ouer word, verloor hulle al hoe meer en makliker tande. Omdat mens se tande nie soos ‘n haai s’n teruggroei nie, moet mens dan valstande kry.

Did you know?

The biggest city in the United States of America is New York, with 8,6 million people.The biggest city in South Africa is Johannesburg, with 5,6 million people. The biggest city in Australia is Sydney, with 4,9 million people

Image: pixabay.com

Sydney

reduction: a decrease in the size of a 2D shape (with the same proportions as the original 2D shape)

scale factor: the proportion or ratio by which a 2D shape is enlarged or reduced

proportion: the same relative amount or ratio

enlargement: an increase in the size of a 2D shape (with the same proportions as the original 2D shape)

scale factor: the proportion or ratio by which a 2D shape is enlarged or reduced

proportion: the same relative amount or ratio

Did you know?

Hotazel is a mining town in the Northern Cape province. Although it is in a very dry desert area, the town developed due to the manganese found there.


People settle in areas where precious metals and minerals are found.

Remember

It is important to know the definitions of maths concepts well; so that you can always answers questions correctly.

Did you know?

The sign that we use for “less than” is <. It is easy to remember because “Less than” begins with the letter L and the sign < looks like the letter L. We use the sign > for “more than”.

We use the sign < for “less than” and > for “more than”.

territory: an area which belongs to a person or organisation

Did you know?

Image: By Nkansahrexford – Own work, CC BY 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=33704578

The Lydenburg Heads are seven clay heads. They were found between 1962 and 1964 by a young boy. He found pieces of pottery on his father’s farm in Lydenburg. The pieces were put back to together. They are a very important example of art from the Iron Age.

Did you know?

A family or group of bears in called a sloth. A male bear is a boar, females are called sows and babies are cubs.

Het jy geweet?

Daar is heelwat Afrikaanse spreekwoorde met die woord “dans”. Hier is ‘n paar voorbeelde.

  • Die poppe gaan dans, beteken dat daar moeilikheid kom.
  • As iemand na jou pype dans, beteken dit iemand doen presies wat jy wil hê.
  • As iemand baie dom is, kan jy sê dat hy te dom is om voor die duiwel te dans. Onthou net dat dit nie goeie maniere is om te sê iemand is dom nie.
  • As iemand ‘n pak slae kry, laat jy hom die horrelpyp dans.
  • Vir geld kan ‘n mens die duiwel laat dans, beteken dat jy met geld enigiets kan doen.

Did you know?

The Northern Rocky Mountain wolf is one of the largest species of grey wolf.

Did you know?

People often migrate from rural areas in one country to urban areas in other countries. They often do this in search of a better way of life or to escape wars in their home country.

Het jy geweet?

Dans is nie net goeie oefening nie, maar dit is ook wonderlik vir jou geluk. Wetenskaplikes het mense se brein gemonitor terwyl hulle op die ritme van musiek dans en jou brein skei sommer dubbel soveel goedvoel-hormone, seratonien, af as jy dans. Dans is wonderlik vir jou fisiese en emosionele gesondheid.

baldans: ballroom dancing

paartjie: couples

sokkie: swing dance

reghoek: rectangle

lei: lead

volg: follow

Did you know?

Eggs are healthy

Eggs are one of the healthiest foods you can eat.

artificial intelligence: the development of computer systems able to perform tasks normally requiring human intelligence

accessible: to get easily

Siri: a virtual assistant on Apple products

pandemic: a global outbreak of a disease

tutor: a teacher who gives private lessons to one child or a small group

Remember

Keep the following points in mind when you have a discussion:

  • Listen to others and respect their opinions.
  • Justify your own opinions.

Remember

An abbreviation is a shortened form of a word or phrase.

Initialism: the abbreviation is not pronounced as a word; you say the individual letters
Example: DStv – Digital Satellite Television

Acronyms: a word formed from the initial letters of a name
Example: SCUBA – Self-contained underwater breathing apparatus.

Truncation: shortening words
Example: Fri. Jan.

unevenly: in a way that the different parts are not equal

acute angle: angle smaller than 90°

right angle: angle that is exactly 90°

obtuse angle: angle greater than 90° and smaller than 180°

straight angle: angle that is exactly 180°

reflex angle: angle greater than 180° and smaller than 360°

revolution: a 360° turn

spangles: a small piece of shiny metal or plastic used to decorate

tinted: slightly tinged with a colour

slathered: to spread something thickly on something else

stippled: covered with tiny spots

Did you know?

South Africa has eleven official languages.


About two thirds of South Africa’s population live in urban areas.

Did you know?

Cats conserve (save) energy by sleeping for an average of 13 to 14 hours a day.

Remember

Keep the lines in your diagrams in proportion to each other.

Het jy geweet?

Om vir iemand te sê: “Jou voet in ‘n visblik!” is nie ‘n kompliment nie. Dit word gewoonlik gesê as iets onaanvaarbaar gesê of voorgestel word.

devastated: very shocked and upset

courageous: the ability to face fear or danger bravely

entry: a section of writing in your diary that is organised by date

Did you know?

In construction, cross bracing is a system utilized to reinforce building structures in which diagonal supports intersect. Cross bracing is usually seen with two diagonal supports placed in an X-shaped manner.

diagonally: a line segment that goes from one corner to another, but is not an edge

This is a diagonal line.

Did you know?

Not all magnets consist of a solid piece of ferromagnetic material. Some of them are made of wire coils. Known as electromagnets, they use electricity to generate a magnetic field. As electricity flows through the wire coils, it becomes magnetized. When the electricity stops flowing through the wire coils, it loses its magnetic field.

Did you know?

Take time to plan your career

The word “career” comes from a French word meaning “road”. Your career is your path through life.

Did you know?

Image: By Bernard Gagnon – Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=73105624

The Castle in Cape Town

When the Castle was first built it was next to the sea but because land has been filled in it is now further inland.

Did you know?

In novels and short stories there are usually round characters and flat characters.
Round characters are well-developed, complex characters who develop as the story progresses. We get to know their characteristics, motives and emotions.
Flat characters are uncomplicated and do not change throughout the story. We only know a few things about them.

The main character in a story is called the protagonist.

Remember

When taking part in a discussion:

  • Take turns
  • Stay on the topic
  • Ask relevant questions
  • Maintain the discussion by encouraging others to speak
  • Respond to others’ ideas with respect

Did you know?

A pack of wolves varies and can be anything from two to over thirty wolves. Usually a pack consists of about five to ten wolves.

Remember

Remember that there are 60 seconds in one minute, seven days in one week, 12 months in one year and 24 hours in one day.

HIV status: whether or not a person has tested positive or negative to HIV

antiretroviral medicine: works by stopping the virus replicating in the body

Did you know?

People who draw cartoons often exaggerate or change the proportions on purpose so the cartoon will be funny.

Changing the shapes of facial features can make them funny.

Did you know?

Arbor Day was first celebrated in South Africa in 1983.

conserve: keep and make last

honour: care for and show respect for

Het jy geweet?

In Engels word die kasteel in ‘n skaakstel nie ‘n castle genoem nie, maar ‘n rook. Elke speler beging ‘n skaakspel met twee kastele. Kastele kan net in reguit lyne skuif.‘n Kasteel is omtrent 5 pione werd, wat dit die derde belangrikste stuk op die bord maak, naas die koning en die koningin.

reflective: a surface that sends back light

Het jy geweet?

Die sandkasteel van Lappeenranta is die grootste sandkasteel in Finland. Meer as 20 kunstenaars het aan die projek gewerk. Slegs sand en water is gebruik om die sandkasteel te bou. Hierdie spesifieke sandkasteel is geïnspireer deur die musiek van Jean Sibelius, ‘n bekende komponis van Finland.

tailings: ground rock and waste materials left over once the valuable ores and minerals have been extracted

extracted: taken out

toxic: poisonous

leach: absorb as a liquid moves through a substance

rehabilitated: restore the land back to the way it was before mining, for instance by planting trees

Remember

We use tally marks for counting. We do the marks in groups of five. We draw four short vertical lines for the first four in each group. We draw the fifth tally mark across the first four tally marks.

||| ||| |||| ||||

This makes it easier to count the total number of tally marks, because we can count in 5s.
We can put the tally marks in a table. This makes it easy to read how many marks there are for each thing that we counted.

perimeter: the total distance around an object

Did you know?

More than 2 700 kg of diamonds were mined from The Big Hole in Kimberley.

Many diamonds were mined in Kimberley.

Remember

An oxymoron is a phrase made of two or more words that have opposite meanings.

Example: act naturally

Remember

A gerund is a special type of noun that is formed by adding -ing to a verb. If we put ‘the action of’ before a word ending in -ing and it makes sense, then we know that it is a gerund.

Source: The PEG guide to grammar and punctuation by Myf Steynberg November 2018

Did you know?

The Carnival in Rio de Janeiro is a festival held every year before Lent; it is considered the biggest carnival in the world.

Source: wikimedia.org

catalytic converter: a device in the exhaust pipe of a vehicle that is used clean the exhaust fumes that the vehicle emits into the air

appliances: household equipment such as fridges and ovens

utensils: household equipment such as knives and forks

flexible: able to bend without breaking

Did you know?

South Africa has the largest reserves of platinum, manganese, chromite and gold in the world. We have almost 90% of platinum metasl. The world’s six largest platinum mines are found in South Africa. Five of them are in the North West Province.

Mining is an important part of our economy.

Did you know?

The Heimlich manoeuvre is a technique used to help someone who is choking. It is used to help the person spit out the item blocking their airway. Most people still refer to it as the Heimlich manoeuvre but another term is the abdominal thrust. If you see someone choking, call for help so that someone who has learnt the technique can help. Do not perform the technique on friends or family; this can cause harm or injury.

Did you know?

The most common mineral on Earth was only named in 2014. It is called bridgmanite and is found deep within the Earth.

Quartz is the second most common mineral found on Earth. It is a very hard crystal. Quartz is used in clocks and watches to make sure they keep time properly.


Quartz is used in clocks and watches to make sure they keep time properly.

watch a short video on how quartz clocks work.

Did you know?

Kyoto used to be one of Japan’s biggest cities and was the capital of Japan from 794 to 1868. There are over 3 000 temples and shrines (a holy or sacred place with something important inside it). Tokyo is now the capital of Japan.

Remember

Onomatopoeia uses words that imitate sounds.

Examples: crash, bang, hiss, howl

overcast: covered with or darkened with clouds

flash floods: a flood caused by heavy or excessive rainfall in a short period of time

Did you know?

During Italy’s drought, the Tiber river became very low which has caused an ancient bridge to emerge. This bridge was built by the emperor Nero and is said to be dated from the 1st century.

Corbis via Getty Images

ROME, ITALY – JUNE 24: The remains of the ancient Bridge of Nero, near Ponte Vittorio, resurface

Remember

A colon indicates where there is an example, an explanation or a list to follow.
It is also used after the speaker’s name when writing the dialogue in a playscript.

Remember

Direct speech uses the exact words of the speaker.

We use quotation marks (inverted commas) to show we are using the exact words. Thing about the inverted commas as enclosing the words just like a speech bubble.

Did you know?

The collective noun for a group of crabs living together is ‘a cast of crabs’.

Remember

A homophone is a word with the same pronunciation but a different spelling and meaning.

Example: pear (a fruit), pair (a pair of shoes)

Did you know?

Flamingos eat algae and tiny shellfish which turns their feathers into a bright pink or orange colour.

Did you know?

Each, every, anyone, anybody, nobody, everything, anything take a singular verb.

Example: Is anyone there? Anything goes!

Het jy gweet?

Wolkbreuke is gewoonlik beperk tot klein areas en dit maak dit moeilik vir die weerburo om dit te voorspel. Die idee dat ‘n wolk soos ‘n oorvol waterballon bars en oor die aarde neerstort, is waar die woord ‘wolkbreuk’ vandaan kom. Die oorsprong van die woord word nie deur almal aanvaar nie, tog word die woord ‘wolkbreuk’ steeds algemeen gebruik.

Remember

A simple sentence contains one idea and has one verb.
If you are not sure if a sentence is single or not, count the number of verbs in the sentence.

Did you know?

Splashy Fen Music Festival is South Africa’s longest running and oldest music festival. It takes place in Durban. It celebrates life, art, music and people.

exclamation: a sudden cry expressing surprise or wonder

capable: able to do something

exclamation: a cry expressing surprise or wonder

capable: able to do something

Did you know?

The six deepest mines in the world are all gold mines in South Africa. They are shown in the table below.

Name of mine Depth
1 Mponeng Gold Mine – Carletonville 4 km
2 Tau Tona Gold mine – Carletonville (closed in 2018) Carletonville 3,9 km
3 Savuka Gold mine – Randfontein 3,7 km
4 East Rand Mine- Boksburg (closed in 2008) 3,59 km
5 Driefontein Mine – Carletonville 3,42 km
6 Kusasalethu Mine – Carletonville 3,39 km

Image: By JMK – Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=63546121

Mponeng Gold Mine in Carletonville

Did you know?

Smoke signals were once used to send messages.

By Frederic S. Remington – Photograph of original painting, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=48222257

Did you know?

Image: pixabay.com

Birds can be used to carry messages. The message is wrapped around the bird’s leg.

Did you know?

The ancient Egyptians wrote using symbols and pictures.

Image: pixabay.com

toekennings : awards

klankbaan : soundtrack

paneel : panel (like judges)

verskeidenheid : variety

nuutgeskrewe : newly written

nomineer : nominated

Het jy geweet?

Sielkundiges het reeds in 1984 bewys dat mense na baie harder musiek kan luister as wat hulle na mense wat hard praat kan luister. Musiek werk op ander dele van jou brein, waar irritasie en frustrasie nie so maklik aangewakker word nie.

Did you know?

The Daily Sun is South Africa’s largest daily newspaper and prints over 5.5. million copies each day.

vragskip : container ship

omgeslaan : flipped over

badspeelgoed : bath toys

rubbereendjies : rubber ducks

verlaat : leave

uitgespoel : washed out

Het jy geweet?

Die eerste toneelstukke is in Athene in Griekeland opgevoer aan die begin van die vyfde eeu. Dit was baie gewild en mense het graag teater toe gegaan vir vermaak.

commutative property: to add or multiply any two whole numbers in any order

associative property: to add or multiply three or more whole numbers grouped in any manner

dividend: number that has to be divided

divisor: the number which will divide the dividend

quotient: the result of the division

remainder: the leftover part

Did you know?

The colour of the fireman’s helmet is different depending on the rank of the firefighter. Most firefighters have yellow helmets, while the Commissioner, who is the chief in charge, has a black helmet.

Did you know?

Firefighting is a specialised occupation. Firefighters have a special job that takes a lot of training. They help when there is an emergency. There are other specialised occupations like paramedics and the National Sea Rescue Institute (NSRI).

 

Paramedic uniform

National Sea Rescue Institute (NSRI) uniform

Het jy geweet?

Die nommer 7 word regoor die wêreld as ‘n gelukkige nommer gesien.

Sneeuwitjie het 7 dwergies ontmoet, daar is 7 dae in die week en 7 kontinente op aarde.

Die nagtegaal is ‘n klein, bruin voëltjie wat bekend is vir sy mooi sang.

Did you know?

romance of writing letters

Poetry is often closely related to musical traditions. Some of the earliest poetry exists in the form of hymns and chants. As such, poetry is a verbal art. Many of the ancient poems are recorded prayers, but they also include historical accounts, instructions for everyday activities, love songs and fiction. Today poetry exist in various forms, ranging from rap music to slam poetry.

Did you know?

Gravity exists on the Moon, but it is not as strong as on Earth, which is why astronauts can jump higher on the Moon than on Earth.

Astronauts can jump higher on the Moon than on Earth.
source:pexels.com

Did you know?

Gravity creates stars and planets by pulling together the material that they are made of.

ESO's Very Large Telescope has captured a detailed view of a star-forming region in the Large Magellanic Cloud — one of the Milky Way's satellite galaxies. This sharp image reveals two glowing clouds of gas. NGC 2014 (right) is irregularly shaped and red and its neighbour, NGC 2020, is round and blue. These odd and very different forms were both sculpted by powerful stellar winds from extremely hot newborn stars that also radiate into the gas, causing it to glow brightly.

Clouds of material in Nebulas create the birthplace of new stars.
source:wikimedia.com

Remeber:

Here is a reminder of some basic maths facts:

Remember

Aghast, startled, dismayed, appalled, stunned, upset, amazed, shocked, and surprised can all be used as synonyms, depending on the context of the sentence.

Did you know?

Haibo is a word only used in South Africa. It is a slang word, used in informal conversation. It is an expression of surprise or shock (basically means wow), initially used by Xhosa speaking people. Like many other words, haibo is now part of the universal African language, just like ‘lekker’, ‘eish’, ‘ayoba’, ‘ubuntu’, and ‘laduma’

Did you know?

The English idiom “don’t judge a book by its cover” is a metaphorical phrase that means one should not judge the worth or value of something by its outward appearance alone. For example, ‘That lady may look very small and insignificant, but don’t judge a book by its cover – she’s a very powerful woman in the community.’

Afstand: distance

kroek: cheat

reis: travel

verdien: deserve

Did you know?

The concept of a library is thousands of years old. The first systematically organised library in the ancient Middle East was established in the 7th century BCE by Assyrian ruler Ashurbanipal in Nineveh, in contemporary Iraq. It contained approximately 30 000 cuneiform tablets assembled by topic. Over the next decades libraries evolved and today libraries are still a source of knowledge and imagination.

Did you know?

A yellow card that a referee holds in the air, is to indicate that a player has broken the rules of the game and is being officially warned. In some sports the player is then put in a ‘naughty corner’ or ‘sin bin’ for 10 minutes.
A red card is given when a player is playing dangerously or commits a serious offence. When a red card is shown the player has to leave the field immediately and is suspended for the rest of the game.

Did you know?

Colour therapy, also known as chromotherapy, is a form of therapy that uses colour and light to treat certain mental and physical health conditions. This form of therapy can be traced back to the ancient Egyptians who used sun-filled rooms with coloured glasses as a form of therapy.

Did you know?

A recipe is a set of instruction used for preparing and producing a certain food, dish or drink. The purpose of a recipe is to have a precise record of the ingredients used, the amounts needed, and the way they are combined. It is a wonderful way to preserve traditional, cultural or even personal food customs.

Remember

When we write the names of things, like Dusty Yellow, Cape Town, or Katlego, we use capital letters. Banana Yellow is the name of the colour, so it is written with capital letters. The bananas that we eat and the colour yellow that we see, do not get capital letters, as they are just common nouns.

Did you know?

When we are talking about painting, red, yellow and blue are primary colours. If you are talking about physics and light though, red, green and blue are primary colours. The reason for the confusing contradiction is that there are two different colour theories — for “material colours” like the ones used by painters and for coloured light. These two theories are known as additive and subtractive colour systems.

clarinet: a cylindrical tube-like instrument

hygiene: clean practices for maintaining health

fascination:attracting the strong interest of someone

squid: a type of marine animal with eight arms and two long tentacles

Did you know?

National Geographic Kids is a website that has some of the most amazing videos on continents. Click the link to learn more!

Destination World – Africa

Did you know?

Rainbow Nation is a term used by Archbishop Desmond Tutu to describe South Africa after the first fully democratic election in 1994.
President Nelson Mandela used this phrase when he said, ‘Each of us is as intimately attached to the soil of this beautiful country as are the famous jacaranda trees of Pretoria and the mimosa trees of the bushveld – a rainbow nation at peace with itself and the world.’

Did you know?

Fossils are not made from bone but from rock.

Part of a fossil skull.

Remember
Use the writing process:

  • Plan your writing.
  • Draft it.
  • Revise it.
  • Edit and proofread it.
  • Write your final version.

Did you know?

Table Mountain was formed from sedimentary rock over 200 million years ago.

Table Mountain

Did you know?

Wildfires are often caused by lightning.

indigenous: occurring naturally in a specific area or region
vigilant: extra careful and watchful

Did you know?

They communicate through singing. Parrots cannot learn how to speak, unfortunately. They are merely copying the sounds that they hear. Birds cannot speak because they do not have vocal chords. They use the muscels in their throat to manage the flow of air.

minutes: record of a meeting
agenda: a plan for a meeting
precise: exact details, clear and correct
adjourned: stopped or ended

Remember

Focus on the writing process when writing your agenda:

  • Brainstorm ideas.
  • Plan your writing.
  • Write your first draft.
  • Revise your work.
  • Edit your work.
  • Write your final version and then proofread it.

Use formal language when writing your agenda and minutes.

Remember

Direct speech is written in quotation marks and reported speech is written without quotation marks.

Remember

Word meanings
synonyms: words that have the same meaning
antonyms: words that have opposite meanings
homonyms: words that sound the same, are spelt the same but have different meanings.
Example: play (noun) – a drama (also called a play)
play (verb) – to play a game

revolve: to move in a circle around something

seasons: one of the four periods of the year; spring, summer, autumn, or winter

Remember

A collective noun is a term used for a group of animals, people or things.

Example: a troupe of actors

evaporation: turning from liquid into vapour

condensation: turning from vapour into liquid

precipitation: rain

Did you know?

Camping can make you feel less stressed and encourage physical activity which is healthy!

Remember
When reading for comprehension follow these steps:

  1. Skimming – to skim means to look at something quickly to get an overview of what it is about.
  2. Scanning – to scan means to run your eye over something to find specific information.
  3. Summarise – when you have finished reading a text make short notes of what it is about.
  4. Visualisation – try to get a picture in your mind of what you are reading.
  5. Make inferences – look for the ideas that are implied in the written words.

data: information on a form that can be stored and used

Did you know?

Earth is about 4.5 billion years old.

Earth from space.

Did you know?

With third-class levers, the effort is exerted between the fulcrum and the load. The force and load move in the same direction. The human arm is a perfect example. When you lift a heavy object the third-class lever (your arm) does not make the lift easier or provide any mechanical advantage. MA < 1

Human hand holding fishing rod

recycle: processing things so that they can be used again

conserve: protect and keep

organic: any material that is biodegradable and comes from either a plant or an animal

herbicide: a chemical used on lawns or gardens to kill weeds

renewable resource: a resource which can be replaced naturally

contaminated: to make something impure by adding something harmful to it

Did you know

Camels’ humps allow them to survive up to 15 days without water. This is because their humps store fat (not water), which helps them to stay hydrated.


Animals have adapted to survive in different environments.

environment: natural world around us

toxic: poisonous

debris: rubbish

biodegradable: materials capable of being broken down or decomposed into smaller products

marine: found in the sea

Did you know?

Plastic has been found in the deepest parts of the ocean and frozen in Arctic ice.


Plastics are found in oceans everywhere.

Did you know?

You can find many fun infographics on Earth’s atmosphere. Look at the picture below of the different layers.

Remember

Non-verbal cues are when you communicate without speaking to show that you are listening, for example by nodding your head. Body language is also a form of non-verbal communication.

Did you know?

Bats are the only flying mammal.

Did you know?

It is possible for water to change from a solid to a gas without first becoming a liquid. If you’ve ever seen dry ice, you will notice that it is ice with ‘steam’ coming off it. This is called sublimation.

image: pexels.com

Did you know? 

Air plants do not need soil for their roots. They attach themselves to other plants.

Did you know?

Ever wondered why the see is salty? Check out this video to find out.

imoto encinci: small car
isikorokoro: old car
ezisezindleleni: which are on the roads
enkundleni: at the court
Iyisibonelo: is an example
nzima: hard

Did you know?

South Africa is not in an earthquake zone, as it lies in the middle of the African plate. However, earthquakes do occur along fault lines. In September 1969, an earthquake measuring 6.3 on the Richter scale occurred in Tulbagh in the Western Cape. Nine people were killed and many buildings were destroyed.

You can read more about this earthquake and see pictures here.

https://www.getaway.co.za/travel-news/remembering-the-tulbagh-earthquake/

Did you know?

The gold Timbuktu was known for was not mined in the city. Europeans who came looking for it, did not find it there.

Image: pexels.com

Did you know?

Wolves do not howl at the moon!

They howl to communicate with each other.

Did you know?

The sideways slide can be very useful for dodging and weaving.

Source: pexels.com

Did you know?

There is a zigzag line that separates the metals from the non-metals on the Periodic Table, with the semi-metals on either side of the zigzag line.

  • INgubo ebomvu: red dress
  • ihembe emnyama: black shirt
  • ibhantsi elihlaza: green jacket
  • amaHembe abomvu: red shirts
  • amahembe amumnyama: black shirts
  • Isiqhoko esinsundu: brown hat
  • Isiqhoko esibomvu: red hat

rigid: firm

gender: whether you are male or female

gender stereotyping: when you think all people of a certain gender should behave in a certain way

You will need:

  • your picture from last week
  • pencil
  • paper
  • paints or crayons

hop: a short jump on one foot

bounce: jump up and down

celebrate: to show that a day or an event is important by doing something special on it

official language: a language that has legal status

reconciliation: when two people or groups of people become friendly again after they have argued

apartheid: a policy of segregation or discrimination against people based on their race

inanimate: lifeless

composition: a creative work

abstract: not like real life

media: materials used for art such as paints or pencils

note value: length of time a particular note lasts

time signature: way of indicating how music is organised and measured

traditions: a way of thinking, behaving, or doing something that has existed for a long time

values: the principles that help you to decide what is right and wrong

culture: way of life of a group of people

unify: bring together

Remember

Sentence levels:
subject and predicate: The subject reflects who or what we are talking about. The predicate is the rest of the sentence.
Example: Thabo (subject) made a pancake. (predicate)

subject-verb agreement: The verb must agree with the subject. Singular nouns take singular verbs and plural nouns take plural verbs.
Example: The boy rides his bike. The boys ride their bikes.

simple sentences: Simple sentences contain one finite verb and deal with one idea.
Example: Themba made the dinner.

statements: These supply information.
Example: The boys were given Robo-Hamsters as gifts.

Remember

To use correct punctuation when writing:
full stop: Remember to always put a full stop at the end of a sentence. (.)
comma: Commas are used when separating words or phrases in sentences. (,)
colon: Colons are useful when introducing dialogue, explanations or quotations. (:)
semi-colon: Semi-colons are long pauses that can join two main clauses and are used in place of a conjunction. (;)

Remember

To always focus on process writing:

  • Plan your writing.
  • Draft it.
  • Revise it.
  • Edit and proof-read it.
  • Then present it.

Funda lezenzo! (Learn these verbs!)

hamba : go
thanda : like
bona : see
jabula : be happy
vakasha : visit
bhukuda : swim
thenga : buy

Did you know?

By Nithin bolar k – Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=16062389

The Gautrain between OR Tambo airport, Johannesburg and Pretoria can go at speeds of up to 160 kilometres an hour.

Remember

We use the word ‘instructions’ to give the steps on how to do or make something. ‘Directions’ means to show the way to a particular location.

Did you know?

The Earth has an invisible shield all around it that protects it from dangerous things, like the sun’s super strong rays? It is called a magnetic field and it starts all the way at the core of the earth.

Remember

The word levels you have learnt:

  • abstract nouns: These refer to something that we cannot see, touch, taste or measure, such as love, hatred, fear.
  • concrete nouns: names given to objects that you can see, feel, touch, taste or hear such as table, chair, apple, bell.
  • prepositions: words that show the relationship of things to each other. Example: the plates are on the table; the cat sits under the chair.
  • comparative adjectives: these words usually take ‘er’ and compare two things for example prettier, happier, stronger.
  • superlative adjectives: these words usually take ‘est’ and mean most for example prettiest, happiest, strongest

Remember

Word meanings:

synonyms: words that mean the same as other words
antonyms: words that have the opposite meaning
literal: words that mean exactly what they say
figurative: words that do not mean what they say

Remember:

Refer back to Term 1 Study Unit 8 to refresh your memory about the properties of 2D shapes.

Remember

Homonyms are words that sound the same and are spelt the same but have different meanings.
Example: It took only a second for Stingray to react.
Stingray caught the thug in the second act.

aghast: horrified or shocked
hastily: hurriedly
smug: self-satisfied
AI: artificial intelligence

Remember

1st person pronouns: I, we
2nd person pronoun: you
3rd person pronouns: he, she, it, they

Remember:

Round up or down to make your calculations easier!

Remember

You language can be informal when writing a script. You can also use plenty of exclamation marks!

lines of symmetry: lines that divide 2D shapes into two or more equal identical halves that are mirror images of each other

rotational symmetry: a property a 2D shape has is it is rotated or turned about a point so that it still has the same shape and size

order of rotational symmetry: the number of times a 2D shape can fit onto itself when it is turned all the way around, back to its original position

Remember

To focus on process writing:

  • Plan your writing
  • Draft it
  • Revise it
  • Edit and proof-read it

Remember

To use correct punctuation when writing:
apostrophe: used to show contraction or possession.
Example: He’s Tom’s brother

capitalisation: Sentences always start with capital letters. We also use capitals letters for proper nouns and adjectives.

comma: Commas are used to separate words and phrases in a list.

full stop: Full stops show that a sentence has ended.

colon: Colons introduce dialogue; they also indicate that an explanation is following.

Remember

When reading for comprehension:

  • skim for main idea
  • scan for supporting details
  • make predictions
  • infer the meaning of unfamiliar words
  • look for the main and supporting ideas
  • form your own opinion

input: ideas or effort that you put into an activity to help it succeed

posters: large, printed notices, pictures or photographs used to advertise something

recycling: the process of treating used objects or materials so that they can be reused

scribe: someone whose job it is to write things down

Remember

Reports consist of facts.

adjourned: stopped or ended

agenda: a plan for a meeting

minutes: records of a meeting

precise: exact details, clear and correct

register: the way in which things are said or written

symbol: simple sign which represents something else

Did you know?

The wires in a diagram are represented by straight lines even though they are bendy. It makes the diagram neater.

Did you know?

Most electrical systems use wires as a conducting material. Copper wires are most commonly used.

device: something that changes one form of energy into another form

source: where the electricity comes from

Did you know?

A battery must have a positive and negative terminal so that the current can flow from the positive to the negative terminal.

device: an appliance that works on electricity

transform: change something

Remember

  • to use question marks for questions.
  • to use a comma to introduce direct speech.
  • use a colon after the speaker’s name in a playscript.

Remember

  • Plan your writing.
  • Draft it.
  • Revise it.
  • Edit and proof-read it.

Remember what you learnt about poetry

  • imagery: words that create mental images
  • rhyme: words that have the same end sound
  • rhythm: the beat of the poem
  • lines: similar to sentences
  • stanzas: verses, similar to paragraphs
  • figurative meaning: one that can’t be taken literally
  • theme: what the poem is about

Did you know?

In some countries, people use the Fahrenheit scale instead of the Celsius scale. Where 0 °C is the freezing point of water, for Fahrenheit it is 32 °F and where the boiling point for water is 100 °C, it is 212 °F for the Fahrenheit scale.

Thermometers often show both scales.

Remember

The word levels you have learnt:

  • proper nouns: start with a capital letter, names of people and places
  • singular: one
  • plural: more than one
  • comparative adjectives: takes ‘er’ e.g. happier
  • superlative adjectives: takes ‘est’ e.g. happiest

guilder: the unit of money that was used in Germany many years ago

infestation: when there are a lot of rats or mice in one place

pied: many colours

plagued: causing pain and suffering

Remember

The key features of literary texts:

  • character: the people who take part in the story
  • characterisation: the way in which the people are shown
  • plot: what happens in the story
  • conflict: the disagreement that takes place
  • background: what happened before the story starts
  • setting: where the story takes place
  • narrator: the person who tells the story

Ubusazi? (Did you know?)

That the O.C. (object concord for you singular is ‘ku’) ie. umfundi uyakuthanda. (the learner loves you.)

archaeologists: people who study ancient societies by examining what is left of their buildings, tools, and so on

artefacts: objects such as tools, jewellery or ornaments that were made in the past and that are historically important

heritage: the traditional beliefs, values and customs of a country or society

flow diagram: diagram that consists of input values, a rule and output values to represent the relationship between the input values and the output values.

input values: the values on the left side of a flow diagram.

rule: the calculations done on the input values to produce the output values.

output values: the values on the right side of a flow diagram.

Remember

  • to use question marks after questions.
  • to start sentences and proper nouns with capitals letters.
  • to use hyphens to join compound words.

Did you know?

When we use three little dots like this … at the end of a sentence it is called an ellipsis.

Abbreviations are shortened forms of words such as Mr or Mrs acronyms are formed from the initials of a group or words such as SARS – South African Revenue Services
or ATM – Automated Teller Machine.

Initialism is when the initials are used.
Example: SABC – South African Broadcasting Corporation

Truncations consist only of the first part of a word.
Example: Mon. (Monday)

“If you do that again I’ll…
(example of an ellipsis)

Ukumema: to invite

Isimemo: an invitation

Ukunceda: to help

Umhlobo: a friend

Components: parts

Constraints: things that cannot be done

Evaluate: judge

Remember

  • Plan your writing
  • Draft it
  • Revise it
  • Edit and proofread it

capacity: someone’s role or job

chronic: a chronic illness is one that continues for a long time and cannot be cured

participant: someone who takes part in an activity

Remember

You have learnt these word meanings before. Here is a reminder:

synonyms: words that have the same meaning
antonyms: words that have opposite meanings
homonyms: words that sound the same, are spelt the same but have different meanings.
Example: second (to come second and there are sixty seconds in a minute)

data: information on a form that can be stored and used

qualitative: related to the quality of something

quantitative: related to amounts

applicable: if something is applicable to a person it affects them or is related to them

forum: a meeting where people have a chance to discuss important subjects

gender: male or female or other gender identity

panel: a group of people who discuss topics

Remember

Use the writing process of planning, drafting, revising, editing and proofreading and then presenting your final version.

Did you know?

A Dad Joke is a type of short, usually one-liner joke that is told by fathers. The content is often silly and most children do not find the jokes funny, but it became a popular way of ‘embarrassing’ your child in front of his/her friends.

Bewazi?

Amanzi ayimpilo ngaphandle kwawo angeke siphile. Imizimba yethu idinga amanzi ukuze amagqamuzana egazi (blood cells) aqhubeke asebenze ngendlela efanele emzimbeni

Did you know?

Hikers on the top of mountains are resting in the wild nature.

Hiking is a great way to explore the outdoors

Hiking is a very popular form of outdoor activity.

Incazelo yamagama

Ukwenyusa izinhlonze: kusho ukuhwaqa ebusweni ngenxa yokuxakeka noma ukudinwa.

Ukuqophisana: kusho ukuphendulana nomuntu okusankani (kungaba omdala noma omncane).

Ishinga: umuntu othanda ukulwa ngishO

Did you know?

Broccoli is a green vegetable

Broccoli contains twice the vitamin C of an orange.

Did you know?

Wormholes are two separate points in space in time, where things disappear into. Theoretically, wormholes can connect extremely long distances in space, or different times, or even different spaces. Wormholes can appear anytime, anywhere, without warning. There is no evidence that wormholes actually exist in space and no-one has ever found a wormhole. It is thus speculative, meaning that people can only imagine what wormholes might be like.

thengela: buy for

culela: sing for

vulela: open for

thandazela: pray for

Ubusazi (Did you know?)

The noun ‘izitulo’ (chairs) is a borrowed word from the Afrikaans word ‘stoele’

marine biologist: a scientist who studies life in the sea
fang: a long sharp tooth

Did you know?

Your career will be a big part of your life

The average person spends about 90 000 hours at work over their lifetime.

Remember

A book review needs to answer four questions:

  1. What is the book about?
  2. What did you like?
  3. What did you dislike?
  4. Would you recommend the book?

Did you know?

A quagga is a sub-species of the zebra. The quagga became extinct over 100 years ago but scientists outside of Cape Town have managed to breed an animal that looks very similar to the quagga. A quagga has stripes on the front half of its body and the rear half is brown.

Did you know?

The Bermuda Triangle is an area in the Atlantic Ocean between Miami, Bermuda and Puerto Rico where ships and aeroplanes are said to disappear without trace. Despite this, many ships and aeroplanes travel safely through this area daily and any accidents have been found to be due to natural causes such as storms or equipment failure.

Did you know?

There is no Antarctic time zone. Most of Antarctica experiences 6 months of constant daylight in summer and 6 months of darkness in winter.

Did you know?

Francolins live in Africa and Asia. They are terrestrial (as they do not fly well) birds that feed on insects, vegetable matter and seeds.

Did you know?

South Africa has two famous red bus tours! One in Cape Town and the other in Johannesburg.

Nisaphila namhlanje?: How are all of you today?

Angiphilanga: I am not well

Nginosizi: I am sad

buya: return

khumbula: longing for

Ngijabulile: I am happy

Ngiyajabula: I am happy

Ngisekhaya: I am at home

Masiye: Let’s go

Egumbini lokudlela: to the dining room

Het jy geweet?

Die geluid wat paddas maak, is om te kwaak.

Translation of the poem:

My child

You my child
How are you today?

Today my mother
I am not well my mother

I am busy
I am hungry

You my child
How are you today?

Today
I am very well my mother

I am happy
I am well

Remember my child
I love you
Every day

Bewazi?(Did you know?)
Please note that the following verbs are called stative verbs. Although these verbs have characteristics of the recent past tense they are used in the present tense.

  • -lambile (be hungry)
  • -omile (be thirsty)
  • -xakekile (be busy)
  • -balulekile (be important)

If you speak to somebody directly, the initial vowel of the person or people you are addressing is deleted.

Izibonelo(examples)

  • Sawubona baba!
  • Sawubona Nomsa!
  • Sanibonani bantwana!

‘ujabulile’ (to be happy) is a vowel commencing verb. The following happens if used with the subject-verb link or subject concord:

Abantwana ba+ujabulile = bajabulile

UThandeka u+jabulile = ujabulile

Het jy geweet?

Die Paddaprins is ‘n voorbeeld van ‘n sprokie. Dit is stories wat al duisende jare lank oorvertel word en het altyd ‘n gelukkige einde.

Het jy geweet?

‘n Mens kry ‘n brulpadda wat so groot soos ‘n kat word.

Remember

Plus, gain, add, more, and receive are all words that indicate you need to add things together.

Difference, less, subtract, and take away are all words that indicate you need to subtract numbers from each other.

Did you know?

Cape Point is also known as the Cape of Storms. This is because in winter strong winds cause very stormy seas, which have led to many shipwrecks here.

Bagpipes: musical instrument played by blowing air through a pipe into a bag. The bag is then squeezed to force the air out through other pipes

Did you know?

Mudslides can be very dangerous! In 2022, Mozambique had a mudslide that killed 45 people.

Did you know?

Squirrels can tell if a nut is ripe just by smelling it.

isekhabetheni: it is in the cupboard

izicathulo zam: my shoes

amajazi wam: my coats

kho: here, to be present

Remember

Here is a reminder of some basic maths facts:

Did you know?

Pigs were one of the first animals domesticated for agriculture uses.

Bewazi? Did you know?
‘na’ is used to combine nouns and has the meaning of ‘and’ or ‘together with’ in English.

‘na’ is added to the second noun (see our examples a. – d.)

Please take note of the sound changes occurring when these vowels are joined:

na + i = ne (nejezi / and a jersey)

na + ii = nee (namajezi / and jerseys)

Although some of these words are borrowed either from English or Afrikaans it is vital that spelling is correct.

Please note that the prefix ‘ama-’

indicates that the word is in noun class 10 and therefore plural.

The subject concord for noun class 6 is ‘a’, which is added to the verb ‘thenga ‘ (buy).

See example in b. Question 4

The subject concord for noun class 9 is ‘í’ which is added to the verb ‘nxiba’.

See example in a. Question 4

The word ‘yilokhwe’ meaning ‘it is a dress’, is in the copulative form / sisibanjalo and takes the ‘y ‘ added to the front of the word ‘iroko’ > ‘yirokwe’ / it is a dress.

Did you know?


Great Zimbabwe ruins

The great kingdoms of Mapungubwe and Great Zimbabwe were founded during the Iron Age by Bantu-speaking settlers.

kwaito: a sort of pop music with words that started in the townships

domba: also called the python dance because it is danced like a snake

pantsula: a fast dance with complicated steps

gumboot: a dance performed by miners wearing gumboots

Did you know?

Dancers must be aware of the space around them and where their partner is in that space, otherwise they will bump into each other.

young boy man teen dancing and jumping isolated on white background in studio

There are many different types of dancing.

solo: on your own.

duet: two people performing together.

ensemble: many people performing together.

Bewazi? Did you know?

As mentioned before nouns are categorised into noun classes ( amahlelo.

‘ihhashi’ is a noun in noun class 5 with its plural in noun class 6).

Isibonelo (Example)

ihhashi (singular / isinye)

amahhashi (plural / isiningi)

Whereas the noun ‘inkomo’is a noun in noun class 9 with it’s plural in noun class 10.

Isibonelo (Example)

inkomo (singular / enye)

izinkomo (plural / iziningi)

Both nouns in Quiz 3 are nouns in noun class 1(a) and therefore take the ‘o’as prefix in the plural Noun class 2(b) as follows:

ugogo > oogogo

ubabomkhulu > obabomkhulu

Bewazi? Did you know?

Please note that ‘ndi’ has two meanings and note that these formations are written as one word.

Izibonelo (Examples)

Mangihambe.(Let me go.)

Ngiyahamba. (I am going.)

neutral: substance that is not an acid or a base

alkali: base that can dissolve in water

indicators: dyes that change colour in acids and bases

litmus paper: paper stained with litmus which is used to indicate the acidity or alkalinity of a substance

evaporation: Evaporation is the process where water is turned into a gas

distillation: Distillation always involves boiling and condensation by changing something from gas to a liquid

chromatography: separating different coloured pigments from one colour pigment

pigment: a substance occurring in plant or animal tissue and producing a characteristic colour

gas: a substance or matter in a state in which it will expand freely to fill the whole of a container, having no fixed shape (unlike a solid) and no fixed volume (unlike a liquid)

Remember

Prepositions are small words which show where things are in relation to each other.

Look at these examples of prepositions.

solution: a liquid mixture in which a small amount of one substance is dissolved into a liquid substance and the first substance is spread evenly throughout the liquid

solvent: the liquid before the solute substance is placed in the liquid

solute: the substance that mixes with the solvent

filtrate: the substance that has moved through the filter

Did you know?

Neglect is the most common form of child abuse.

There are different forms of child abuse.

Collage is popular in modern art.

Art encourages you to be creative.

Sedimentation: allowing objects to sink to the bottom of a liquid

Process: actions needed to make something happen

Remember

When we subtract numbers, make sure that the number that is mentioned first, goes at the top.

And remember that when your borrow from the next column, you need to subtract 1 from that column.

Did you know?
A bead is something small. It has a hole in it for stringing. The beads can be strung together using something like string or a thin piece of wire. Beadwork allows us to make things like necklaces and bracelets.

Beadwork allows us to make things.

Did you know?

There is a huge area of water in the North Pacific Ocean known as the Great Pacific Garbage Patch? Is full of plastic waste that has floated across the ocean.

The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is a huge area of ocean that is filled with plastic waste

geometric patterns: mathematical shapes or lines
symmetry: balanced proportions; two identical halves
parallel: side by side

Did you know?
The first rugby balls were made from pig’s bladders.

Modern rugby balls are very different from ones used in the past.

Did you know?
There is very little evidence that older people today are in better health than their parents were.
Face of an old african american black man

There is much that you can learn from your elders.

toxic: poisonous

visible: able to be seen

decant: pour off or into another container

sieve: object with many small holes for sorting materials

Did you know?

Tiny dust particles can be seen in sunlight

Dust is made up of tiny particles that are just big enough to see with the naked eye.

Did you know?

The Blues started in the United States of America.

The Blues is similar to, but not the same as Jazz music.

canvas: a piece of material on which a painting is done

Did you know?

In the past, people used ways like these to measure time:

  • watched the stars to find the time of the year
  • watched for signs in nature such as plants blossoming or birds migrating.

In the past, common time measuring instruments was:

  • the sundial, used by the Greeks, Egyptians and Romans
  • the hourglass, also called the sand clock.

Did you know?

Mime is thought to be the oldest performing art in the world.

Mime involves exaggerated facial expressions.

depression: a mental health problem that involves a low mood and a loss of interest in activities
sensitive: able to understand other people’s feelings
neglect: fail to care for someone or something properly
anxious: worried or nervous about something
assure: say something that removes doubt or worry

Did you know?

sea star and shells on the sandy beach

Patterns can be found in many things in nature, such as seashells.

Did you know?

Dancing increases your strength and endurance so it improves your ability to do Physical Education!

Acrobatic female outdoor

Dancing makes you fit.

Did you know?

You can make your own procedure for getting out of your house quickly in the event of a fire.

  • Plan for everyone: adults, children and pets.
  • Identify all possible ways out of the house: this may include doors and windows.
  • Involve everyone at home in the planning: remember to include children and any elderly family members.
  • Decide where to meet outside of the house: identify a tree, or a neighbour’s house where you can all meet to make sure everyone is out of the house safely.
  • Respond quickly: in an emergency leave everything inside the house, do not stop to collect anything.
  • Have a Plan A and a Plan B: have a backup plan in case exits are blocked. If you cannot exit the house, close the doors and know where blankets are to seal doors to reduce smoke entering into the room.
  • Make sure everyone knows how to call emergency services. For fire emergencies call 10111.
  • Practise the plan at least once a year and change if needed.

Did you know?

Computer programs are all around us, for example cell phone apps, traffic lights, ATM machines. Computer programs must give clear, understandable instructions, or the program will not work.

Computer programs are instructions, called code, for a computer to follow. Good instructions are called ‘clean’ code. Clean code breaks instructions up into steps that happen in the correct order.

Remember

Adjectives describe and give more details about a noun.
Examples: the brave firefighter, the experienced docto

Did you know?

Blueberries

There is natural and artificial food colouring. Artificial food colouring has health hazards while natural food colouring is always the healthy option. Natural food colouring is made from fruit, vegetables, and edible plants, such as blueberries, beetroot, spinach.

Remember

plural rules

A plural noun is used when there is more that one person, place, thing or idea.

when a singular noun ends with
-s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x, or -z
we add -es make it plural

for example:
bus- busses
success- successes
bush- bushes
church- churches
box- boxes
quiz- quizzes

Onthou:

The “nie” is never placed between the subject and the verb!

Example:

Ek nie wil praat nie = verkeerd

Ek wil nie praat nie = korrek!

Did you know?

The world’s biggest diamond is the Cullinan Diamond, discovered in the Premier Mine in South Africa in 1905.

Source: wikimedia.org

ubusazi?(did you know?)
The prefixes of nouns determine the actual noun classes the nouns are in.
(The prefixes in the following words are highlighted followed by the number of the noun class.)
Imizekelo (Examples):

utata 1a
ootata 2b
umntu 1
abantu 2
ibhanki 9
iibhanki 10

emotional: causing people to have strong feelings
anxiety: an uncomfortable feeling of nervousness or worry about something that is happening or might happen
neglect: fail to care for properly

Did you know?

The Ancient Egyptians used gold to make may different things, including jewellery and ornaments for the pharaoh. A pharaoh wore this gold mask.

digital visualization of tutenchamun

eraser: a piece of soft rubber or plastic used to rub out something written

personalise: to make something especially suitable for a particular person

transition: movement

elaborate: when something is planned with a lot of attention to detail

surgical: the process of performing a medical operation

asem: breath

stilletjies: softly

ape: monkeys

tweeling: twins

geswoeg: working hard

gil: shout

The poem plays with the spelling of the month April by changing the name to Aapril in stead of April. The spelling “Aapril”suggests that aap (monkey) has its birthday in April, as is mentioned in the poem.

Onthou

Maande van die jaar word altyd met hoofletters gebruik omdat dit die NAAM van die maand is.

You will need:

  • pencils
  • crayons
  • white and black paper

You will need:

  • open indoor space
  • clothes to move around in
  • audio equipment to play music.

bordjies: plates to eat from 

beroemde: famous 

Nooit-ooit: never ever 

Woning: home 

Het jy geweet? 

Yorkies is wonderlike troeteldiere vir mense wat graag hul honde oral saam wil vat. Hulle verloor nie hare soos ander honde nie. Het jy geweet dat Yorkies ook hul melktande wissel? 

Onthou

Roger, Rafa en Milo word met hoofletters geskryf omdat dit die honde se name is

 

self-manage: make your own decisions about how to handle your work and life

calendar: a printed table showing the days, weeks and months of the year

disability: any condition that makes it more difficult for a person to do certain activities or effectively interact with the world around them
unfairness: not treating people equally

Did you know?

The coldest day ever recorded in South Africa was -20.1°C in Buffelsfontein in the Eastern Cape on the 23 August 2013.

news24.com

www.alexstemmer.com

Ubusazi?Did you Know?

https://cubclub.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/XSAL_G6T2U4_Ubulumko-bukaWulume.m4a

The word ‘kufuneka’ is used when you would like to express necessity or that something must be done.

Masifunde le mizekelo! (Let’s read the following examples!)

Kufuneka sifunde kakuhle esikolweni. (We must work hard at school.)

Kufuneka ndifunde kakuhle iincwadi zam. (I must read my books well.)

Kufuneka abafundi badlale imidlalo esikolweni. (Pupils must play sport at school.)

Kufuneka umfundi adlale umdlalo esikolweni. (The pupil must play a sport at school.)

Kufuneka uThandeka athethe nenqununu. (Thandeka have to speak with the headmaster.)

Please note the following:

  • The verb following ‘kufuneka’ ends in ‘e’.
  • The subject verb link of the present tense is used and if the noun of class 1 or 1(a) is used with ‘kufuneka’ the subject verb link changes from ‘u’ to ‘a’. (See examples d. and e.)

design brief: a short and clear statement that gives the general outline of the problem to be solved as well as the purpose of the proposed solutions

specifications: an organised, detailed description of the requirements/criteria that the solution or product must meet, e.g. safety, size, material, function, human rights, environment, etc

constraints: aspects that limit conditions within which the work or solution must be developed, e.g. time, materials, tools, human resource, cost, etc

2D: two-dimensional – a flat drawing, in which only two principle dimensions (measurements) are visible (e.g. length and height)

3D: three-dimensional – a pictorial drawing. A drawing in which the three principle dimensions are visible, also the three principle faces are visible in the one drawing

dimensions: a measurable extent of a particular kind, such as length, breadth, depth, or height

oblique: a 3D drawing where the depth of an object is projected at a 45-degree angle to the 2D front view

Ubusazi?(Did you Know?)

Iimpawu zokubhala (Punctuation marks)

  • We have used the exclamation mark after commanding or instructing somebody or people to do something
  • In isiXhosa the exclamation mark is known as ‘uphawu lwesikhuzo’ (!)
  • The exclamation mark can also be used after interjections (‘izikhuzo’) such as ‘Hayibo!’ (No!) and ‘Sii!’ (to show admiration for something beautiful you see)

Did you know?

Africa is the hottest continent.

The Victoria Falls is also called  Mosi-oa-Tunya, which means ‘smoke that thunders’, because as the water falls, it makes a big noise and causes a mist that looks like smoke. A bridge crosses the Victoria Falls. One side of the bridge is in Zambia and the other side is in Zimbabwe.

Image: wikimedia.org

Lake Malawi has more fish species than any other freshwater system in the world. It also has two inhabited islands.

Lake Malawi

Image: wikimedia.org

A colourful cichlid in Lake Malawi

Ubusazi?(Did you Know?)

Please note that when the adjectival stem ‘ngaphi’ (how many) is used, the adjective concord or link is prefixed to this word. This adjective concord referring to the specific noun it describes is used.
Imizekelo (Examples):
1. Abantwana
aba+ngaphi? (How many children?)

2. Amantombazana
ama+ngaphi? (How many girls?)

If the demonstrative pronoun is used the initial vowel (or two vowels) of the noun following this demonstrative pronoun, is dropped, or omitted.

Imizekelo (Examples)

‘le vidiyo’ (this video)

‘aba bantwana’ (these children)

Ubusazi?(Did you Know?)

iitshizi’ (cheeses) is the plural of ‘itshizi’(cheese)
The singular is a noun in noun class 9 and the plural is a noun in noun class 9.

Ubusazi?(Did you Know?)

Please note that ‘u‘ refers to ‘you’ in the singular and ‘ni’ to you in the plural form.
Imizekelo (examples)
Ungathenga iilekese. (You may buy sweets.)
Ningathenga iilekese. (All of you may buy sweets.)

Did you know?

To show the 3D effect, parallel lines are drawn from the front face at an angle of 45° and are then joined to create the 3D shapes.

source:steemit.com

Izifengqo ziwukukhuluma okujiyile olimini lwesiZulu.  Kufanele ukwazi ukutomula izifengqo embhalweni ukuze kubonakale ukuthi uyakuqonda lokho okufundayo.

Ubusazi?(Did you Know?)

The word ‘intaba’ (the mountain) can be written in it’s locative form indicating a place where something happens. The following changes are made to the word:

  • Change the initial vowel ‘i’ to ‘e’
  • Change the final vowel ‘a’ to ‘eni’.

= entabeni (on the mountain or at the mountain)

Remember
There is a right way and a wrong way to read poems aloud.

The right way is:

  1. Use a dictionary to make sure that you know the meaning of all the words.
  2. Speak slowly when you read aloud and remember to pause for effect.
  3. Project your voice. Let your words fill the room and throw them to the people sitting at the back.
  4. Practise reading poetry aloud. Practise often.

Relax. Breathe in deeply, read with confidence and enjoy the beauty of the words.

Did you know?

We share 96% of our DNA with primates such as chimpanzees, gorillas and orangutans.

Did you know?

Identical twins have different fingerprints. Twins can have completely different skin tones. Identical twins can develop different diseases. Nigeria has the highest rate of multiple births and the most identical twins. Mothers of twins live longer.

Did you know?

World War 1 started on 28 July 1914 and finally ended after four long years on 11 November 1918.

Remembrance Day is observed every year to commemorate the armistice agreement that ended the First World War on Monday 11 November 1918, at 11 a.m.—on the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month.

Did you know?

Dassies, or rock hyraxes, are found in rocky places. The pads on their feet get sweaty and ‘stick’ to the rocks. This helps them climb steep cliffs. They also have nails, not claws, on their feet. This is one of the reasons they are said to be related to elephants. Other reasons include the shape of their skulls and their teeth, which are shaped like tusks.

Wikimedia.com

Het jy geweet?

In Afrikaans het diere bekke, kloue, pote en snawels anders as mense wat monde, hande en voete het.

Did you know?

Lines of latitude are parallel to each other, so they stay the same distance apart and never meet. Lines of longitude are furthest apart at the equator and get closer together as you move away from the equator. They all meet at two places – the North Pole and the South Pole.

Ubukhosi buwukhondolo lomndeni.  Asibo bonke abazalwa ebukhosini abafanelekayo ukubekwa esihlalweni sobukhosi.

Did you know?

Australia is famous for many animals that are found nowhere else in the world. Some examples are the kangaroo and the koala bear.

Did you know?

All living organisms are classified according to similar characteristics. They are first grouped into broad categories and then into more specific categories.


source:science4fun.info

Remember

You learnt about the eight points of a compass in Grade 5.

 

Ubusazi?Did you know?

Words such as colours describing nouns are called relatives (Izibaluli).

The noun described (as well as its noun class) determines the relative links or concord used.

Imizekelo (Examples) ilokhwe (noun class 9 and relative links ‘e’ or ‘i’) = ‘ilokhwe ebomvu’ (the red dress)

‘ilokhwe ibomvu’ (the dress is red)

Nouns in noun class 10 take the relative links ‘ezi’ and ‘zi‘.

Example: ‘iihempe ezibomvu’(red shirts)

‘iihempe zibomvu’ (the shirts are red)

Remember

Include to a quote from someone who witnessed the event.

Funda ezi zenzi! (Learn these verbs!)

ya: go
thanda: like
bona: see
onwabile: be happy
tyelela: visit
dada: swim
thenga: buy

intaba encinci: small mountain
intaba enkulu: big mountain
ulwandle: the sea
idami: a dam
ibhasi ebomvu: a red bus
ibhasi emhlophe: white bus
ibhasi emhlophe: white bus
indawo ebizwa: a place called
iivenkile: shops
iigusha: sheep
ezininzi: many

Did you know?
When you build with Lego you are working in 3D

 

Wudala's words

Wudala’s words

 Ukugana unwabu: kusho ukuthukuthela kakhulu. 

Ukusinda emlonyeni wengwenya: kusho ukuphunyula enkingeni. 

Khumbula lokhu:

  • I-article iwumbiko obhalwa ngendlela yezintatheli kulandelwa imigomo yephephandaba.
  • Iba nesihloko esihehayo esiveza umongo wendaba.
  • Makuvele igama lentatheli.
  • Umbiko ubhalwa ube izigatshana ezihlelwe ngokwamakhalamu.
  • Uma kubhalwa kuqalwa ngokubalulekile. Isigaba sokuqala siveza lokhu: ubani, wenzani, kuphi, nini, uma kwenzenjani, kanjani.
  • Indlela yokubhala kumele ingachemi.

discard: thrown away
extrusion: the act of thrusting or forcing something out

germinate: begin to grow and put out shoots

seedling: very young plant

mature: fully grown

fertilisation: process of fertilising the egg of a female plant or animal

vertebrate: animal with a backbone

non-vertebrate: animal without a backbone fully grown

Did you know?

The tallest sandcastle ever built was 21 metres tall. It was built in Denmark on 7 July 2021.

Did you know?

Green summer european forest. Beautiful landscape of polish forest photographed in forest.

Living things that make their own food are called producers because they produce their own food.

Did you know?

It is not only humans that are brave, but animals have shown bravery in several cases.

A former U.S. Marine was saved by his service dog, Major, who helps him to cope with his seizures.

One day, when the Marine had a seizure, Major grabbed his phone from his owner’s pocket and called emergency services. Major the dog saved his owner’s life.

Source: www.iheartdogs.com

Source: www.pexels.com

skeletal system or skeleton: the frame of bones supporting a human or animal body

function: job

cartilage: firm, flexible material found in the body

tissue: special cells found in the body

spine: backbone

Did you know?

A snake has small bones that form a backbone so it is a vertebrate.

Common viper snake isolated on white

viper snake

Growing indigenous plants in your garden helps to save water.

beautiful flower close up 'Aloe Ciliaris'

aloe

Did you know?

The first newspaper was published on 25 September 1690.

You will need:

  • open space either indoors or outdoors
  • a gymnastics mat

Did you know?

https://cubclub.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/kindness-tolerance-empathy-grace-decency-words-background-3-d-animation-SBV-346800973-HD.mp4

The golden rule says that you should treat others as you would like to be treated.

Did you know

Here is a picture of an iron used a long time ago.

Image: pixabay.com

Can you see how different it is from today’s irons? People used to heat this iron by fire or by placing it on a stove.

It is object like these that are displayed in museums.

immune system:  cells, tissues and organs that help the body fight infections and diseases

Malnutrition: insufficient nutrition, particularly proteins

Did you know? 

Some animals, such as lions, can get all the nutrients they need from one food source – the animals they kill and eat.

nutrients: substances in food needed to keep the body healthy 

immune system: cells, tissues, organs, that help the body fight infections and diseases

respiration: breathing in of carbon dioxide by plants

You should not attempt this at home on your own.

iqhawe- umuntu onesibindi

ukuba nesibindi- ukungesabi

ungumpheme- ungumvikeli

isiphethu- yilapho kuphuma khona amanzi emhlabathini

ukugobhoza- ukugeleza

inhliziyo emnene- inhliziyo enozwelo